Aspectos clínicos y factores asociados al estrés postraumático en pacientes adultos de tres ciudades de la sierra peruana / Clinical aspects and factors associated with post-traumatic stress in adult patients from three cities in the Peruvian highlands
RESUMEN El Trastorno por Estrés Postraumático (TEPT) es una condición psiquiátrica que surge como respuesta a eventos traumáticos y puede afectar significativamente la funcionalidad del paciente. La sierra andina es una región cuya población ha estado expuesta a eventos altamente estresantes; sin embargo, existe escasa información sobre factores asociados a la ocurrencia de TEPT en la región.
Se encontraron asociaciones significativas entre TEPT y grupos de personas casadas y carentes de instrucción escolarizada. El episodio depresivo fue la comorbilidad más frecuente. Los principales estresores fueron la violenciapolítica y los accidentes graves. Asimismo, hubo asociación de TEPT con pensamientos suicidas y dificultad para planificar, organizar y ejecutar diversas actividades.
Conclusiones:
Existe asociación relevante entre TEPT y algunos factores sociodemográficos, eventos traumáticos y trastornos clínicos. Los programas de intervención deben brindar atención inmediata a personas expuestas a eventos traumáticos y disminuir la presencia y el impacto de factores estresantes presentes en la región andina.
SUMMARY Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that occurs in response to traumatic events and can significantly affect the patient's functional capacities. The Peruvian highlands is a region whose population has been exposed to highly stressful events; however, there is limited information on the factors associated with PTSD in the region.
Objective:
To determine sociodemographic and clinical factors (comorbidity and functionality) associated with PTSD. Material and
Significant associations were found between PTSD and groups of married people and those who had no schooleducation. Depressive episode was the most frequent comorbidity. The main stressors were political violence and serious accidents. Likewise, there was an association of PTSD with suicidal thinking and difficulties in planning, organizing and executing a variety of activities.
Conclusions:
PTSD was associated with some sociodemographic factors, traumatic events and clinical disorders. Intervention programs should be aimed at providing immediate care to people exposed to traumatic events and at reducing the presence and impact of such stressors in the Andean region.