Complicaciones agudas de la Diabetes mellitus, visión práctica para el médico en urgencias: Revisión de tema / Acute complications of diabetes mellitus, practical vision for the emergency physician: Review
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) represents one of the most prevalent Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs) in the world, which acute complications or major hyperglycemic emergencies, in the scenario of emergency medicine, are Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA), the State Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic (EHH) and Hypoglycaemia, all associated with inadequate or insufficient control of the disease. In order to effectively improve the clinical condition of patients presenting with some type of hyperglycaemic emergency, emergency departmentphysicians should be clear about various key aspects related to the pathophysiology and the appropriate approach for each situation. This article gathers the most up-to-date information regarding the definition, epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of the three acute complications of DM mentioned above, in order to offer the clinician a practical guide for the approach and proper management of diabetic patients in the context of hyperglycemic emergencies.