The COVID-19 pandemic caused by
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (
SARS-CoV-2) is a global crisis with unprecedented challenges for
public health.
Vaccinations against
SARS-CoV-2 have slowed the
incidence of new
infections and reduced
disease severity. As the
time-of-day of
vaccination has been reported to influence host
immune responses to multiple pathogens, we quantified the influence of
SARS-CoV-2 vaccination time,
vaccine type, age,
sex, and days post-
vaccination on anti-Spike
antibody responses in
healthcare workers. The
magnitude of the anti-Spike
antibody response associated with the
time-of-day of
vaccination,
vaccine type, participant age,
sex, and days post
vaccination. These results may be relevant for optimizing
SARS-CoV-2 vaccine efficacy.