Comparison of influenza and COVID-19-associated hospitalizations among children < 18 years old in the United States - FluSurv-NET (October-April 2017-2021) and COVID-NET (October 2020-September 2021)
Miranda Delahoy; Dawud Ujamaa; Christopher A. Taylor; Charisse Cummings; Onika Anglin; Rachel A Holstein; Jennifer Milucky; Alissa O'Halloran; Kadam Patel; Huong Pham; Michael Whitaker; Arthur Reingold; Shua J. Chai; Nisha B. Alden; Breanna Kawasaki; James Meek; Kimberly Yousey-Hindes; Evan J. Anderson; Kyle P. Openo; Andy Weigel; Kenzie Teno; Libby Reeg; Lauren Leegwater; Ruth Lynfield; Melissa McMahon; Susan Ropp; Dominic Rudin; Alison Muse; Nancy Spina; Nancy M. Bennett; Kevin Popham; Laurie M. Billing; Eli Shiltz; Melissa Sutton; Ann Thomas; William Schaffner; H. Keipp Talbot; Melanie T. Crossland; Keegan McCaffrey; Aron J. Hall; Erin Burns; Meredith McMorrow; Carrie Reed; Fiona P. Havers; Shikha Garg.
Preprint
en Inglés
| PREPRINT-MEDRXIV | ID: ppmedrxiv-22271788
BackgroundInfluenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 are significant causes of respiratory illness in children. MethodsInfluenza and COVID-19-associated hospitalizations among children <18 years old were analyzed from FluSurv-NET and COVID-NET, two population-based surveillance systems with similar catchment areas and methodology. The annual COVID-19-associated hospitalization rate per 100 000 during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic (October 1, 2020-September 30, 2021) was compared to influenza-associated hospitalization rates during the 2017-18 through 2019-20 influenza seasons. In-hospital outcomes, including intensive care unit (ICU) admission and death, were compared. ResultsAmong children <18 years old, the COVID-19-associated hospitalization rate (48.2) was higher than influenza-associated hospitalization rates 2017-18 (33.5), 2018-19 (33.8), and 2019-20 (41.7). The COVID-19-associated hospitalization rate was higher among adolescents 12-17 years old (COVID-19 59.9; influenza range 12.2-14.1), but similar or lower among children 5-11 (COVID-19 25.0; influenza range 24.3-31.7) and 0-4 (COVID-19 66.8; influenza range 70.9-91.5) years old. Among children <18 years old, a higher proportion with COVID-19 required ICU admission compared with influenza (26.4% vs 21.6%; p<0.01). Pediatric deaths were uncommon during both COVID-19- and influenza-associated hospitalizations (0.7% vs 0.5%; p=0.28). ConclusionsIn the setting of extensive mitigation measures during the COVID-19 pandemic, the annual COVID-19-associated hospitalization rate during 2020-2021 was higher among adolescents and similar or lower among children <12 years old compared with influenza during the three seasons before the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 adds substantially to the existing burden of pediatric hospitalizations and severe outcomes caused by influenza and other respiratory viruses. SummaryAnnual hospitalization rates and proportions of hospitalized children experiencing severe outcomes were as high or higher for COVID-19 during October 2020-September 2021 compared with influenza during the three seasons before the COVID-19 pandemic, based on U.S. population-based surveillance data.
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