In this cohort study, neurodevelopmental outcome of 20 of 24 surviving very low birth weightinfants with sepsis followed-up between 2008 and 2009 was compared with 20 control (uninfected infants). We found that plasmainterleukin-6 and C-reactive protein values were negatively correlated with mental developmental index scores (r= -0.33, P= 0.03 and r= -0.40, P= 0.01, respectively) at 18 to 24 months’ corrected age. The results of this study indicate that sepsis experienced in the neonatal period seems to be related to low mental developmental index scores at 18 to 24 months’ corrected age.