Background/Aims@#Although the
incidence of
nontuberculous mycobacteria pulmonary disease (NTM-PD), a chronic
infectious disease, is increasing,
lung and
gut microbiota dysbiosis in NTM
patients has rarely been studied and was therefore the focus of this study. @*
Methods@#We analyzed the
microbiota diversity in
sputum and stool samples from 10
healthy subjects and 10
patients with NTM-PD through sequencing of the V3 and V4 regions of the
16S rRNA gene. In NTM-PD
patients, we comparatively evaluated the
microbiota diversity according to the
body mass index (BMI), with BMI ≤ 18.5 kg/m2 defined as “
underweight” and BMI > 18.5 kg/m2 as “others.” @*Results@#The
sputum microbiota from NTM-PD
patients tended to have lower index values of amplicon sequence variant richness, Shannon evenness, and beta diversity than those from the
control group. Furthermore, NTM-PD
patients with a low BMI had a lower
microbiota diversity than
patients with high BMI. Fecal samples from NTM-PD
patients also significantly differed in alpha and beta diversity compared with the
control group and exhibited a diversity pattern
similar to that found in
sputum samples. @*Conclusions@#Our results reveal that the
lung and
gut microbiota of
patients with NTM-PD exhibit an altered distribution and reduced richness and diversity.