Medicinal plants are a valuable source of essential medicines and
herbal products for
healthcare and
disease therapy. Compared with
chemical synthesis and extraction, the
biosynthesis of
natural products is a very promising alternative for the successful conservation of
medicinal plants, and its rapid development
will greatly facilitate the conservation and sustainable utilization of
medicinal plants. Here, we summarize the advances in
strategies and
methods concerning the
biosynthesis and
production of
natural products of
medicinal plants. The
strategies and
methods mainly include
genetic engineering,
plant cell culture engineering, metabolic engineering, and
synthetic biology based on multiple "OMICS"
technologies, with paradigms for the
biosynthesis of
terpenoids and
alkaloids. We also highlight the biosynthetic approaches and discuss progress in the
production of some valuable
natural products, exemplifying compounds such as vindoline (
alkaloid), artemisinin and
paclitaxel (
terpenoids), to illustrate the
power of
biotechnology in
medicinal plants.