Hemodialysis (HD)
patients experience
vascular calcification , ultimately leading to high
mortality rates. Previously, we reported
associations between soluble
receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGEs) and extracellular newly identified
RAGE -
binding protein S100A12 (EN-
RAGE ) and
vascular calcification . Here, we extended our observations, investigating whether these
biomarkers may be useful for predicting cardiovascular
morbidity and
mortality in these subjects. Thus, we evaluated the relationship between sRAGE and
S100A12 and
mortality in long-term HD
patients . This was a prospective observational
cohort study in 199 HD
patients from an extended
analysis of our previous study.
Plasma sRAGE,
S100A12 , comorbidities, and other traditional
risk factors were investigated. The
cumulative incidences for
death using Cox proportional
hazards regression were evaluated in multivariable analyses. The
observation period was 44 months. During the
observation period, 27 (13.6%)
patients died. Univariate
analysis demonstrated that
S100A12 was correlated with diabetes (P = 0.040) and high-
sensitivity C-reactive protein (
hsCRP ) (P = 0.006). In multivariable analyses,
plasma sRAGE (
hazard ratio [HR] = 1.155; 95%
confidence interval [CI] = 0.612–2.183; P = 0.656) and
S100A12 (HR = 0.960; 95% CI = 0.566–1.630; P = 0.881) were not associated with
mortality in HD
patients , although traditional predictors of
mortality , including age,
history of
cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and
serum levels of
albumin and
hsCRP were related to
mortality . Powerful predictors of
mortality were age, CVD, and
albumin levels.
Plasma sRAGE and
S100A12 may be weak
surrogate markers for predicting all-cause
mortality in
patients undergoing HD, although
S100A12 was partly related to diabetes and
inflammation .