Small cell lung cancer (SCLC), which originated from neuroendocrine
tissue, can develop into
paraneoplastic endocrine syndromes, such as
Cushing syndrome, because of an inappropriate
secretion of ectopic
adrenocorticotropic hormone (
ACTH). This
paraneoplastic syndrome is known to be a poor
prognostic factor in SCLC. The reason for poor
survival may be because of a higher
risk of
infection associated with hypercortisolemia. Therefore, early
detection and appropriate
treatment for this
syndrome is necessary. But the
diagnosis is challenging and the source of
ACTH production can be difficult to identify. We
report a 69-year-old
male patient who had severe
hypokalemia, metabolic
alkalosis, and
hypertension as manifestations of an
ACTH-secreting
small cell carcinoma of the
lung. He was treated with
ketoconazole and
spironolactone to control the
ACTH dependent
Cushing syndrome. He survived for 15 months after
chemotherapy, which is unusual considering the poor outcome of the ectopic ATH
syndrome associated with SCLC.