Study for umbilical cord plasma leptin in gestational diabetes and normal pregnancy

Myeong-Jin YEON; Yong-Kyoon CHO; Shin LEE; Tae-Jong SONG; Ji-Kyung KO; Chul-Min LEE; Hoon CHOI; Bok-Rin KIM

OBJECTIVE:

To compare umbilical cord plasma leptin level between infants of mothers with gestational diabetes and infants of control subjects and to evaluate the regulation of leptin in GDM.

METHODS:

Leptin concentrations were measured in cord blood at birth using a specific radioimmunoassay employing human recombinant leptin (Human Leptin RIA kit; Linco Research, Inc. USA). We compared cord plasma leptin level between gestational diabetes (n=18 women) and control pregnancies (n=21 women).

RESULTS:

Maternal weight, fetal birth weight, Ponderal index and placental weight were significant variables among the demographic variables. There was statistical difference in cord plasma leptin level between infants of mothers with gestational diabetes and infants of control subjects (Control

subjects:

4.8 [3.7-7.9]ng/mL, GDM women 8.0 [6.6-11.9]ng/mL, P=0.022). There was also statistical difference in the ratio between cord plasma leptin level and birth weight (Control

subjects:

0.001 [0.001-0.002]ng/mL/gm, GDM women 0.002 [0.002-0.003]ng/mL/gm (P=0.022)), and between cord plasma leptin level and Ponderal index (Control

subjects:

0.280 [0.217-0.579], GDM women 0.605 [0.452-1.005], (P=0.008)). There was no difference in gender.

CONCLUSION:

We found significant difference in umbilical cord plasma leptin level and adjusted leptin level for fetal birth weight, Ponderal index and placental weight between infants of mothers with gestational diabetes and infants of control subjects. It is suggested that umbilical cord plasma leptin is produced by fetal fat tissue, but it is more complicatedly regulated by placenta and other factors in gestational diabetes.

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