Harlequin
syndrome is a rare disorder of the
sympathetic nervous system characterized by unilateral facial
flushing and
sweating. Although its
etiology is unknown, this
syndrome appears to be a dysfunction of the
autonomic nervous system. To the best of our
knowledge, thus far, very few
reports on perioperative Harlequin
syndrome after
thoracic surgery have been published in the thoracic surgical
literature. Here, we present the case of a 6-year-old
patient who developed this unusual
syndrome following the resection of a posterior mediastinal mass.