Objective To determine the effect of high temperaturedenervation in back pain relief during percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) for vertebral osteoporotic fracture.Methods Fifty-six patients undergone PKP for single vertebral osteoporotic fracture were randomly divided into cooling group and normal group with 28 patients per group according to whether the temperature reducing measures were provided during the polymerization process of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA).Data recorded were operation time, amount of PMMA injected into each vertebral body, visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), and anterior vertebral height.Results All the data revealed no significant differences between cooling and normal groups operation time [(45.6 ± 7.3)min vs (43.6 ± 5.8)min], PMMA injected into each vertebral body [(2.8 ±0.3)ml vs (2.7 ±0.4)ml], VAS [(3.8 ± 0.7) points vs (3.2 ± 0.7) points], ODI [(36.6 ± 8.2) points vs (30.4 ± 6.0) points] and height restoration of anterior vertebral body [(85.3 ± 6.1)% vs (83.9 ± 7.3)%] (P > 0.05).Conclusion High temperaturedenervation contributes a little to the relief of back pain during PKP, as may be due to the vertebral augmentation and stabilization.