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Objective To retrospectively analysis whether the existence of deep vein thrombosis(DVT) in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH)) has an influence on the efficacy of pulmonary thromboendarterectomy.Methods The data of 75 patients with CTEPH having undergone PTE in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital from Sep 2004 to Mar 2016 were retrospectively reviewed.We classified them into two different groups which were DVT (+)group (32) and DVT (-) group (43) according to the present of DVT.Clinical data,hemodynamics,blood gas analysis and so on of both groups were compared.Results There were 1 patient died after PEA surgery in DVT(+)group and 7 patients died after PEA surgery in DVT (-) group(3.1％ vs 16.3％,P =0.033).The incidence of severe pulmonary reperfusion injury and the neurological disorders postoperatively in DVT(-) group was significantly higher than that in DVT(+) group (46.5 ％ vs 21.9％,P =0.028;32.6％ vs 12.5％,P =0.044).Compared with DVT(+) group,the content of C-react protein (CRP) was higher in DVT (-) group [(0.9 ± 0.7) mg/dl vs (0.5 ± 0.4) mg/dl,P =0.005].Furthermore,DVT(-) group had a significantly greater proportion of Jamieson Ⅲ or V than DVT(+) group,while the cardiopulnonary bypass time [(289.8 ± 54.3) min vs (259.8 ±45.5) min,P=0.014],aorta cross clamp time[(137.3 ±31.6) min vs(119.5±29.3) min,P=0.015] and deep hypothermia circulatory arrest were significantly longer in DVT(-) group than in DVT(+) group.Postoperative hemodynamics and blood gas index were obvious improved in both groups,but the postoperative pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PAPS) [(59.6 ± 17.9) mmHg vs (48.5 ± 9.7) mmHg,P =0.001],the pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) [(30.44 ± 22.97) kPa · S · L-1 vs (18.34 ±8.09) kPa · S · L 1,P =0.002] in DVT(-) group were significantly higher than those in DVT(+) group.In addition,the incidence of residual pulmonary hypertension in DVT(-) group was significantly higher than in DVT(+) group.Conclusion Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy for patients with CTEPH results in significant pulmonary hemodynamic improvement with favorable outcomes of heart and lung function.The recovery of the PAPS,PVR in patients with DVT are significantly better than those in patients without DVT,and the incidence of postoperative complication is significantly lower in patients with DVT.