Tympanic membrane (TM) perforation is common. Acute persistent or chronic TM perforations require surgical interventions such as
myringoplasty or
tympanoplasty. Current
strategies of
tissue engineering are focused on the
regeneration of TM perforation instead of surgical interventions. To regenerate TM
tissue or restore
acoustic-mechanical property, bioscaffold or
growth factors are necessary that
will act as a temporary matrix for
cell proliferation and
extracellular matrix deposition, with subsequent ingrowths. In recent years, various scaffolds, biomolecules have been used for TM
tissue engineering.
Cells in combination with supportive scaffolds have rarely reported. TM
regeneration by
tissue engineering approach may be considered the greatest advances in
otology. This
review examines the current evidence for their use and the limitations of
knowledge.