@#【Objective】To explore the relationship between the miR- 132 expression in serum and cognitive deficits of OSA. 【Methods】 66 Chineseadults age 30 to 60 years old were enrolled and categorized into two groups based on Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA)scores: OSA patients with cognitive impairment(OSAI,n=36),OSA patients without cognitive impairment(OSAN,n=30),and thirty adults without OSA as healthy control group(HC,n=30). Out- of- center cardiopulmonary sleep testing (OCST) and MoCA assessment were performed and the relative expression of miR-132 in serum was detected by PCR.【Results】No significant difference was observed in age,education,gender and hypertension(P>0.05). The relative expression level of miR-132 was significantly up-regulated in OSAI patient′s serum compared to the OSAN and HC patients (P<0.001),and had a positive correlation with MoCA score (r=- 0.726,P<0.001). ROC analyses showed that the areas under the curve(AUC)were statistically significant from the line of identity in OSA with cognitive impairment(AUC=0.935,95% CI:0.890- 0.981,P<0.001)and in OSA(AUC=0.787,95% CI:0.695-0.879,P<0.001).【Conclusions】Elevated serum miR-132 expression levels are closely related to the diagnosis of OSA and its cognitive dysfunction. Detection of serum miR- 132 may be a potential indicator of cognitive dysfunction and diagnosis in OSA patients.