Pleural masses may be caused by various conditions, including benign and
malignant neoplasms and non-neoplastic tumorlike conditions. Primary
pleural neoplasms include
solitary fibrous tumor,
malignant mesothelioma, and primary pleural non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metastatic
disease is the most common
neoplasm of the
pleura and may uncommonly occur in
patients with
hematologic malignancy, including
lymphoma,
leukemia, and
multiple myeloma.
Pleural effusion is usually associated with pleural
malignancy. Rarely, pleural
malignancy may arise from chronic
empyema, and the most common
cell type is non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (
pyothorax-associated
lymphoma). Non-neoplastic pleural masses may be observed in several benign conditions, including
tuberculosis, pleural plaques caused by
asbestos exposure, and pleural loose body. Herein, we present a
review of benign and malignant
pleural neoplasms and tumorlike conditions with illustrations of their computed tomographic images.