Biblioteca Virtual en Salud

The terms "Surgery 1.0" to "Surgery 4.0" came from the term "Industry 4.0" . In 2011, the German Government at the Hannover Messe introduced the term "Industry 4.0" to describe the four stages of industrial developments Industrial revolution, which happened in England in the 18th century, was considered as "Industry 1.0" . The beginning of "Industry 1.0" and the subsequent developments into "Industry 2.0" , "Industry 3.0" and "Industry 4.0" were all based on important scientific discoveries at those material time periods. In 2018, Hooshair A first introduced the concept of similar developments from "surgery 1.0" to "surgery 4.0" . Similar to industrial developments, these stages of surgical developments were based on important scientific discoveries, although the time periods of developments of these surgical stages were slightly different from those of the industrial developmental stages. "Surgery 4.0" started at the beginning of the 21st century. Its development is based on the scientific advances in big data, artificial intelligence, automation, modern robots and 5G technology. Within a short period of 20 years, each of these scientific discoveries has rapidly progressed. As each of these developments leads to increase in demand of another one, this leads to a virtuous cycle with rapid developments in all these individual scientific discoveries. Is there any room for further development of "Surgery 4.0" ? The authors predict that there will be a rapid development into "Surgery 5.0" by integrating these discoveries. Instead of individual and rapid development of each of the scientific advances, these advances will integrate into a single system with further fast and rapid growth. It is ambitions for the authors to make such a prediction when "Surgery 4.0" is still at an developmental stage. However the authors are confident that "surgery 5.0" will not only come, but it will come within a reasonably short time, as this is the natural development of science.