The mortality was the highest in the first month after dialysis (46.40/100 person year), and gradually stabilized after three months. The early mortality was 25.33/100 person year. The mortality within 120 days and 360 days were 21.40/100 person year and 11.37/100 person year, respectively. The elderly (≥65 years old, HR=1.981, 95% CI 1.319-2.977, P<0.001), primary tumor ( HR=3.308, 95% CI 1.137-5.624, P=0.028), combined with tumors (not including the primary tumor, HR=2.327, 95% CI 1.200-4.513, P=0.012), temporary catheter (the initial dialysis pathway, HR=3.632, 95% CI 1.806-7.307, P<0.001), lower albumin (<30 g/L, HR=2.181, 95% CI 1.459-3.260, P<0.001), lower hemoglobin (every 0.01 g/L increase, HR=0.861, 95% CI 0.793-0.935, P=0.001), lower high density lipoprotein (<0.7 mmol/L, HR=1.796, 95% CI 1.068-3.019, P=0.027) and higher C reactive protein (≥40 mg/L, HR=1.889, 95% CI 1.185-3.012, P=0.008) were the risk factors of early death for hemodialysispatients.