Purpose@#To compare the long-term changes in surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) in patientswho underwent 23-gauge sutureless vitrectomy and cataractsurgery together with patientswho underwent cataractsurgery only. @*Methods@#We retrospectively reviewed SIA changes for 1 year after surgery in patientswho received only cataractsurgery using phacoemulsification (group 1) and patientswho underwent 23-gauge sutureless vitrectomy and cataractsurgery together (group 2). Flat keratometry (K1), steep keratometry (K2), and astigmatism axis were measured with automatic keratometry before and after the surgery. Vector analysis was used to calculate SIA at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. We then examined whether the SIA values at each time point were different between the two groups. @*Results@#A total of 86 eyes were included in this study (group 1, n = 45; group 2, n = 41). The mean SIA values calculated at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery in group 1 were 0.83 ± 0.37, 0.69 ± 0.39, 0.60 ± 0.33, and 0.59 ± 0.33, respectively. In group 2, the values were 0.82 ± 0.47, 0.69 ± 0.38, 0.62 ± 0.28, and 0.61 ± 0.30, respectively. Over time, SIA decreased in both groups (all p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the mean SIA between the two groups at each follow-up time point after surgery (p = 0.296, p = 0.728, p = 0.361, and p = 0.356, respectively). @*Conclusions@#When 23-gauge sutureless vitrectomy and cataractsurgery were performed together, the astigmatism change caused by surgery did not show a significant difference compared with that of the group who received cataractsurgery only. Thus, 23-gauge sutureless vitrectomy may not significantly affectcorneal astigmatism.