This paper collated the western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) diagnostic criteria of pulmonary fibrosis (PF) based on its clinical characteristics and relevant literaturereports and summarized the inductive agents, methods, objects, and mechanisms for replicating the PF animal models as well as their respective advantages and disadvantages. By analyzing the consistency of symptoms among successfully modeled animal models with the clinical characteristics in TCM and western medicine, we found that the intratracheal injection of bleomycin was the most frequently employed method for modeling, and the resulting outcomes were very similar to clinical characteristics in TCM and Western Medicine. Besides, considering the time-saving process, high stability, good repeatability, and low cost, such method was suitable for the rapid screening of drugs. The second preferred method was intraperitoneal injection of paraquat, which exhibited the advantages of high degree of consistency with clinical characteristics of PF caused by paraquatpoisoning, low cost, high success rate, and easy operation, which allowed it to be suitable for exploring the mechanism of paraquatpoisoning and developing the antidotes. The existing PF animal modelsshared a fairly high degree of consistency in symptoms with patients diagnosed as having PF in western medicine. However, the criteria for TCM syndrome differentiation remained unclear, and the animal models failed to reflect TCM pathogenesis. It is necessary to establish more accurate TCM diagnostic criteria that focus on syndrome differentiation and reveal TCM etiology and pathogenesis and carry out more experiments concerning TCM syndromes of PF in the future, so as to better treat PF with integrated TCM and Western Medicine.