Lower
respiratory tract infection (LRTI) induced by
respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of
hospitalization for
infants. Compared with
adults,
infants are more likely to cause serious
respiratory diseases after
RSV infection due to the specific immature
airway structure and
immune system. The balance of immune resistance and
immune tolerance of the host is critical to effective
virus clearance and
disease control. This
paper reviews the relationship between
RSV infection and
respiratory diseases in infancy, the influence factors of the high
pathogenicity of
RSV infection in early
life, as well as the
research progress of anti-RSV
therapy, and expands the specific molecular events regulating immune resistance and
immune tolerance. We expect to present new ideas for the prevention and
treatment of RSV-related
respiratory diseases in clinical practice.