Immunotherapy plays a compelling
role in
cancer treatment and has already made remarkable progress. However, many
patients receiving
immune checkpoint inhibitors fail to achieve clinical benefits, and the response rates vary among
tumor types. New approaches that promote anti-
tumor immunity have recently been developed, such as small molecules,
bispecific antibodies,
chimeric antigen receptor T cell products, and
cancer vaccines. Small molecule
drugs include
agonists and inhibitors that can reach the intracellular or extracellular targets of immune
cells participating in innate or adaptive immune pathways.
Bispecific antibodies, which bind two different
antigens or one
antigen with two different
epitopes, are of great interest.
Chimeric antigen receptor T cell products and
cancer vaccines have also been investigated. This
review explores the recent progress and challenges of different forms of
immunotherapy agents and provides an insight into
future immunotherapeutic
strategies.