Background@#
Airborne particulate matter (PM), a widespread
air contaminant, is a
complex mixture of solids and
aerosols composed of particles suspended in the
air. PM is associated with inflammatory responses and may worsen inflammatory
skin diseases. However, the mechanisms through which PM
affects atopic dermatitis (AD) remain unclear. @*Objective@#To establish an
In Vitro model that more accurately mimics AD using
human keratinocyte (HaCaT), dermal
fibroblast (HDF), and
mast cell (HMC-1) and using this model to investigate the mechanism through which PMs
affect AD. @*
Methods@#An AD-like
In Vitro model was established by seeding HaCaT, HDF, and HMC-1
cells with recombinant
human interleukin (IL)-1α and polyinosinic
polycytidylic acid.We confirmed the effect of PM on the inflammatory
cytokine expression of a triple-
cell culture model. SRM 1649b Urban
Dust, which is mainly composed of
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, was used as the reference PM. The effects of PM on the expression levels of proinflammatory
cytokines and
skin barrier markers were assessed using
quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and
western blotting. Inflammatory
cytokine levels were measured using an
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. @*Results@#Interactions between various
skin cell types were evaluated using a
co-culture system. PM
treatment increased
mRNA and
protein levels of the inflammatory
cytokines IL-6,
IL-1α,
tumor necrosis factor-α,
IL-4, and
IL-1β and decreased the expression of the
skin barrier markers
filaggrin and loricrin. @*Conclusion@#Our results suggest that an
In Vitro triple-
cell culture model using HaCaT, HDF, and HMC-1
cells may be reliable for obtaining more physiological, functional, and reproducible data on AD and
skin barriers.