Various
invasive fungal infections can occur in
immunocompromised hosts, and an acute
invasive fungal infection (AIFI) can be fatal. Because of its high mortality rate, AIFI must be quickly diagnosed and treated, such as
anti-fungal agents or surgical
debridement. In an
immunocompromised host, nasal
herpes simplex infection, usually caused by
herpes simplex virus (HSV) type-1, can have various clinical manifestations, some of which can mimic AIFI. However, the management of acute
viral infection differs significantly from
invasive fungal infections of the
nose. A fast and accurate
differential diagnosis is mandatory because a delay in the
disease-specific
treatment of acute invasive
infections can
lead to
mortality. This
report describes two
immunocompromised patients with mucosal and
skin lesions around the
nose. We provide clinical clues when mucosal lesions of the
nasal cavity and
skin lesions around the
nose develop in
immunocompromised hosts.