Objective@#To explore the
association between
dietary patterns during
pregnancy and the development of
gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), so as to provide the guidance of
diet balance and GDM prevention for
pregnant women.@*
Methods@#
Pregnant women who underwent prenatal examination at the First Affiliated
Hospital of Xinjiang Medical
University from December 2021 to July 2022 were selected as the subjects. The
oral glucose tolerance test (
OGTT) was employed at 24 to 28 weeks of
gestation to
diagnose GDM. The
questionnaire of "The
Survey on
Nutrition and
Health of
Pregnant Women in
China" was used to collect general information,
food intake frequency and amount during a month before
OGTT.
Dietary patterns were determined by
factor analysis, and the
association between
dietary patterns and the development of GDM was identified using a multivariable
logistic regression model. @*Results@#Totally 449
pregnant women were included, with a median (interquartile range) age of 31.00 (5.00) years and a median (interquartile range)
gestational age of 35.00 (3.00) weeks. There were 7
dietary patterns named
potato-
cereal pattern,
poultry-
meat-dessert pattern,
milk-
egg-aquatic product pattern,
mushroom-
vegetable-offal pattern,
fruit-bean pattern, pickle-wheaten
food pattern, and
beverage-
nut pattern according to the
food types with high factor loads. There were 89 cases diagnosed as GDM, with a
prevalence rate of 19.82%. Multivariable
logistic regression analysis showed that the development of GDM was associated with the
poultry-
meat-dessert pattern (OR=0.242, 95%CI 0.086-0.678) and the
fruit-bean pattern (OR=0.093, 95%CI 0.025-0.342), compared with the
potato-
cereal pattern. @*Conclusion@#Compared to the
potato-
cereal pattern, the
poultry-
meat-dessert pattern and the
fruit-bean pattern may reduce the
risk of GDM. Key words:
gestational diabetes mellitus dietary pattern pregnant woman low carbohydrate diet