The detection of depressive symptoms among medical college students was 6.4% with mild depression, 7.4% with moderate and severe depression and 86.2% without depression.The scores of cyclothymic, depressive, irritable, hyperthymia and anxious temperaments in TEMPS-A were significantly different among medical college students with different levels of depressive symptoms (all P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the detection rates of depression symptoms among medical college students with different typical affective temperament characteristics(all P<0.05). Ordinal Logistic regression model analysis showed that typical cyclothymic temperament ( OR=5.05, 95% CI 3.68-6.94), typical depressive temperament ( OR=7.69, 95% CI 4.64-12.86), typical hyperthymia temperament ( OR=0.30, 95% CI 0.15-0.58), and typical anxious temperament ( OR=2.41, 95% CI 1.75-3.32) were influencing factors for the severity of depressive symptoms in medical college students.