ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Little is known about the cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF)-cardiometabolic risk relationship in Latin American pediatric populations across different age/sex groups, especially when considering the potential effects of adiposity on the association. We evaluated cross-sectional associations between VO2max and cardiometabolic risk variables (CMRV), and verified whether the associations were independent of adiposity markers in school-aged children and adolescents from Cali, Colombia. METHODS: The sample consisted of 1206 children aged 5-17 years. CMRV were fasting glucose, HDL and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic, and diastolic pressure. Logistic regressions were conducted for associations of age/sex-specific tertiles of VO2max with age/sex-specific highest tertiles of CMRV (except HDL-C, lowest tertile) and a CMR cluster (> 2 CMRV in extreme tertiles), adjusting for socioeconomic stratum, and adiposity markers (BMI, body fat percentage, and waist circumference). RESULTS: Overweight/obesity ranged from 15% to 18% with no difference by sex. In children aged 5-11 years, high VO2max (highest tertile vs. lowest) was inversely associated with the CMR cluster [Odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 0.18 (0.06-0.47), p < 0.05] independently of adjustment for any adiposity marker in boys but not in girls. In the age group of 12-17 years, there were initially significant VO2max- CMR cluster and VO2max- CMRV associations but attenuated by adiposity adjustment. In girls, high VO2max was inversely associated with high systolic blood pressure regardless of adjustment for adiposity markers. CONCLUSION: VO2max is inversely associated with cardiometabolic risk, but adiposity influences the association. The adiposity-independent association among younger boys requires further research. Interventions to tackle cardiometabolic risk in childhood may primarily focus on reducing excess adiposity, and secondarily on improvement of CRF.
ABSTRACT
Very few large studies in Latin America have evaluated the association between waist:height ratio (W-HtR) and cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents. Further, multivariable analyses verifying the independence of located subcutaneous fat have not been conducted so far. The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations of W-HtR and waist circumference (WC) with metabolic syndrome abnormalities and high LDL-cholesterol levels in schooled adolescents before and after adjusting for trunk skinfolds and BMI. The sample consisted of 831 boys and 841 girls aged 10-17 years. Biochemical, blood pressure and anthropometrical variables were measured. Age- and sex-specific quartiles of W-HtR and WC were used in Poisson regression models to evaluate the associations. High WC values (highest quartile v. quartiles 1-3) were associated with high TAG levels in both sexes (prevalence ratio, boys: 2·57 (95 % CI 1·91, 3·44); girls: 1·92 (95 % CI 1·49, 2·47); P0·05). High W-HtR (highest quartile v. quartiles 1-3) was only independently associated with high TAG in female adolescents (1·99 (95 % CI 1·55, 2·56); P<0·05). In conclusion, WC showed better association with cardiometabolic risk than W-HtR in the children of this study. This observation does not support W-HtR as a relevant adiposity marker for cardiovascular and metabolic risk in adolescence.
Subject(s)
Adiposity , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Metabolic Syndrome/pathology , Obesity, Abdominal/complications , Waist Circumference , Waist-Height Ratio , Adolescent , Body Height , Body Mass Index , Body Weight , Cardiovascular Diseases/blood , Child , Cholesterol, LDL/blood , Colombia , Female , Humans , Male , Metabolic Syndrome/blood , Metabolic Syndrome/complications , Multivariate Analysis , Obesity, Abdominal/blood , Risk Factors , Triglycerides/bloodABSTRACT
Introducción Varios estudios han documentado en forma extensa los beneficios del entrenamiento físico de moderada intensidad en la reducción del riesgo de morir por enfermedades cardiovasculares, en el control del sobrepeso y la obesidad. Sin embargo, los beneficios del entrenamiento a intensidades vigorosas son escasos. Objetivo Examinar las diferencias por sexo de la relación entre el ejercicio de intensidad vigorosa vs. intensidad moderada y marcadores de riesgo de sobrepeso y obesidad en adultos saludables. Métodos Estudio descriptivo, transversal en 304 sujetos saludables (n=218 hombres; n=86 mujeres). Se aplicó la versión corta del International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) para estimar la intensidad de ejercicio en 2 categorías: intensidad moderada e intensidad vigorosa. Se calculó el índice de masa corporal (IMC), el porcentaje de grasa corporal (%GC) y se midió la circunferencia de cintura (CC), como marcadores de sobrepeso y obesidad. Resultados Respecto a la intensidad del ejercicio, no se encontraron diferencias significativas en los marcadores de sobrepeso y obesidad en el grupo de hombres. En comparación con el entrenamiento de moderada intensidad, las mujeres que se entrenaban a intensidad vigorosa presentaron menores valores en el IMC (25,7±3,0kg/m2 vs. 22,5±1,7kg/m2), en la CC (79,2±6,8cm vs. 76,0±3,1cm), y en el %GC (33,5±2,6% vs. 28,1±5,3%) respectivamente, P<0,05.ConclusionesEl entrenamiento de intensidad vigorosa se relaciona con menores valores en los marcadores de sobrepeso y obesidad en mujeres pero no en hombres (AU)
Introduction: Several studies have extensively documented the benefits of moderate intensity physical training for reducing the risk of cardiovascular death in the management of overweight and obesity. However, the benefits of vigorous intensity training are small. Objective: To examine sex differences in the relationship between vigorous vs. moderate intensity exercise and risk markers for overweight and obesity in healthy adults. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study in 304 healthy subjects (n = 218 men, n = 86 women). The short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)was used to stratify exercise intensity into two categories, moderate and vigorous. Body mass index (BMI) and percent body fat (%BF) were calculated, and waist circumference (WC) was measured as risk markers of overweight and obesity. Results: No significant differences were found in risk markers of overweight and obesity in the male group depending on exercise intensity. As compared to women training at moderate intensity, those making vigorous exercise had lower BMI (25.7 ± 3.0 kg/m2vs.22.5 ± 1.7 kg/m2),WC (79.2 ± 6.8 cm vs. 76.0 ± 3.1 cm), and BF (33.5 ± 2.6% vs. 28.1 ± 5.3%) levels (P < 0.05 forall).Conclusions: Vigorous intensity training is associated with lower values of markers of overweight and obesity in women, but not in men (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Exercise Movement Techniques/methods , Exercise Tolerance/physiology , Obesity/epidemiology , Overweight/epidemiology , Sex Distribution , Risk Factors , Biomarkers/analysisABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Several studies have extensively documented the benefits of moderate intensity physical training for reducing the risk of cardiovascular death in the management of overweight and obesity. However, the benefits of vigorous intensity training are small. OBJECTIVE: To examine sex differences in the relationship between vigorous vs. moderate intensity exercise and risk markers for overweight and obesity in healthy adults. METHODS: A cross-sectional, descriptive study in 304 healthy subjects (n=218 men, n=86 women). The short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to stratify exercise intensity into two categories, moderate and vigorous. Body mass index (BMI) and percent body fat (%BF) were calculated, and waist circumference (WC) was measured as risk markers of overweight and obesity. RESULTS: No significant differences were found in risk markers of overweight and obesity in the male group depending on exercise intensityh. As compared to women training at moderate intensity, those making vigorous exercise had lower BMI (25.7±3.0 kg/m(2) vs.22.5±1.7 kg/m(2)), WC (79.2±6.8 cm vs. 76.0±3.1 cm), and BF (33.5±2.6% vs. 28.1±5.3%) levels (P<0.05 for all). CONCLUSIONS: Vigorous intensity training is associated with lower values of markers of overweight and obesity in women, but not in men.
Subject(s)
Exercise , Obesity , Overweight , Sex Characteristics , Cross-Sectional Studies , Exercise/physiology , Female , Humans , Male , Obesity/physiopathology , Overweight/physiopathology , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Introducción Los pigmentos carotenoides poseen propiedades antioxidantes y beneficiosas para la salud de los seres humanos. Se ha sugerido la utilización de la espectroscopia de resonancia Raman (ERR) como un método fiable para su medición en tejidos como la dermis. No obstante, antes de poder utilizar esta técnica, es preciso recolectar datos sobre su variabilidad y reproducibilidad. Objetivo Evaluar la reproducibilidad de la técnica de ERR, para (..) (AU)
Introduction Carotenoid pigments have antioxidant properties beneficial for human health. Use of resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS) as a reliable method for measuring carotenoid levels in tissues such as dermis has been suggested. However, data about the variability and reproducibility of this technique should be collected before it can be used. Objective To assess reproducibility of RRS for (..) (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , beta Carotene/analysis , Skin Pigmentation , Spectrum Analysis, Raman/methods , Antioxidants/analysis , Biomarkers/analysisABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Carotenoid pigments have antioxidant properties beneficial for human health. Use of resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS) as a reliable method for measuring carotenoid levels in tissues such as dermis has been suggested. However, data about the variability and reproducibility of this technique should be collected before it can be used. OBJECTIVE: To assess reproducibility of RRS for detection of total ß-carotene levels in the skin of Colombian adults. DESIGN: Forty-eight healthy men and 30 healthy women with various pigmentation levels were enrolled into the study. Measurements by RRS were performed in the palmar region and medial and lateral aspects of the arms. Odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were calculated, adjusting for confounding factors: body mass index, waist circumference, percent body fat, age, race, smoking, and sex. Reproducibility of the technique was estimated using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS: Mean ß-carotene levels were 29.9 ± 11.9 in men and 30.6 ± 8.6 in women (P=.787). No differences or significant associations were found of ß-carotene levels with confounding factors assessed by sex. ICCs were 0.89 in the palmar region, 0.85 in the medial aspect of arm, and 0.82 in the external aspect of arm. CONCLUSION: RRS spectroscopy is a reliable method for non-invasive measurement of ß-carotene levels in skin, and may be used as an important biomarker of antioxidant status in nutritional and health studies in humans.
Subject(s)
Skin/chemistry , Spectrum Analysis, Raman , beta Carotene/analysis , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Anthropometry , Biomarkers , Colombia , Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic , Cross-Sectional Studies , Ethnicity , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Nutritional Status , Oxidation-Reduction , Reproducibility of Results , Sex Factors , Skin Pigmentation , Smoking/epidemiology , Young AdultABSTRACT
Objetivo: Analizar el perfil investigador de los profesionales de Fisioterapia de Colombia, registrados en la base de datos del programa de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación de Colombia COLCIENCIAS, 2010, en el área de conocimiento en Ciencias de la Salud, Categoría Fisioterapia y Terapia Ocupacional. Materiales y Métodos: Se revisaron los currículos de cada Fisioterapeuta investigador disponibles en la Plataforma de COLCIENCIAS. La información estudiada fue de 1993 a 2010. Resultados: De los profesionales con grado de profesional en Fisioterapia, 191 curriculum vitae fueron analizados en las fechas estudiadas (1993-2010). Se encontró un total de 516 artículos publicados y firmados por 1044 autores diferentes. El número de publicaciones con nivel de formación profesional mostró un promedio de cinco o menos publicaciones, mientras que el nivel doctoral mostraba más de 20 publicaciones. El índice de colaboración (total de artículos/firmas de autores) fue de 2,02. Un 73% de los artículos son escritos por uno o dos autores, y sólo el 8,3% por cinco o más. Conclusiones: El perfil del investigador esbozado aquí puede proporcionar en beneficio de la comunidad académica una perspectiva sobre su identidad y ayudar a establecer las prioridades futuras para mejorar el conocimiento y la práctica profesional...
Objetive: To analyze the scientific and research capacity of physical therapy professionals in Colombia, considering the difficulties and development opportunities in the framework of Science, Innovation and Technology policies in Colombia COLCIENCIAS 2010 -included in the section of Health Sciences under the sub-section of Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy-. Materials and Methods: We assessed the online curricula vitae physical therapy researcher available in the Lattes database COLCIENCIAS 2010. Results: The professionals with level of Physiotherapy, 191 curriculum vitae were analyzed (1993-2010). We found 516 articles published and signed by 1044 different authors. The number of publications with training level showed an average of five or fewer publications, while the doctoral level showing more than 20 publications. The collaboration rate (total of items/signatures of authors) was 2.02. Seventy-three percent of the articles are written by one or two authors, and only 8.3% for five or more. Conclusions: We expect that the information provided here will help the academic community to gain a perspective on their identity and to define future priorities for the furtherance of knowledge and professional practice. Finally, recommendations are made aimed at facilitating the formation and development of organizational structures capable of promoting research...
Subject(s)
Colombia , Physical Therapy Specialty , ResearchABSTRACT
El consumo de comidas con alto contenido graso induce cambios agudos en los lípidos circulantes y disfunción endotelial horas después de la comida, condición que precede el desarrollo del proceso aterosclerótico. Aunque se desconoce exactamente el mecanismo responsable de la disminución de la función endotelial ocasionada por la lipemia post-prandial, se considera que la elevación de las lipoproteínas ricas en triglicéridos, sus remanentes y un estado de estrés oxidativo, son los principales mecanismos que determinan este hecho. Se presenta un reporte de dos adultos saludables de 30 años, a los cuales se les suministró un menú que aportaba 1049 calorías, 31 g de proteína, 79 g de grasa (31 g de grasa saturada), 666 mg de colesterol y 69 g de carbohidratos, con el propósito de describir el efecto que induce la lipemia post-prandial sobre la función endotelial, y su relación con algunos aspectos clínicos y bioquímicos asociados con este estado metabólico...
High-fat meal consumption induces acute changes in circulating lipid and then induces endothelial dysfunction after breakfast time, this dysfunction is associated with atherosclerotic process development. Although the explain mechanism that is responsible to induce endothelial function decrease, by post-prandial lipemia, is unknown. The elevation of lipoproteins high triglycerides and their remnants, and oxidative stress are the main mechanisms. In the present study it is report two healthy adults with median age 30 years, whom take a menu that contain: 1049 calories, 31 g protein, 79 g fat (31 g saturated fat), 666 mg cholesterol, 69 g carbohydrates. Thus, it is described the effect induced by post-prandial lipemia on endothelial function and the relationship of this metabolic state with clinical and biochemical features associated...
Subject(s)
Dietary Fats , Endothelium , Postprandial Period , VasodilationABSTRACT
Objetivo: Estudiar la relación entre la capacidad funcional y la calidad de vida relacionada (CVRS) con la salud en un grupo de trabajadores de una institución universitaria. Metodología: Estudio transversal que incluyó 146 trabajadores divididos en dos grupos: Grupo de Baja Capacidad funcional (< 9 METs) y Grupo de Alta Capacidad funcional (> 9,1 METs). Se evaluó la CVRS con el Cuestionario de Salud SF-12 y capacidad funcional con el Cuestionario PAR-PAF como indicadores del estado de salud. Resultados: De la población evaluada, 47,3% (69 sujetos) son hombres y 52,7% (78 sujetos), mujeres. La edad promedio de los grupos fue de 35,0 ± 9,7 años (rango 19,0-60,0 años), sin diferencias entre grupos. Para la CVRS, la media encontrada en la población evaluada fue de 45,2 ± 4,42 (rango 33,0-58,1) y 43,8 ± 6,87 (rango 19,8-43,8) en los componentes Physical Component Summary (PCS-12) y Mental Component Summary (MCS-12), respectivamente p=NS. Diferencias significativas fueron encontradas al comparar la capacidad funcional y el género, p<0,001, por grupos. De igual manera entre géneros y el componente mental MCS-12 (grupo de Baja Capacidad funcional) p=0,049, así como en las mujeres y el componente físico PCS-12, p=0,05, entre grupos. Por último, una mejor puntuación en la CVRS se observa en el grupo de Alta Capacidad funcional en ambos componentes y géneros OR 0.59 (0.25-1.38). Conclusiones: Los resultados de este trabajo demuestran la relación entre una alta capacidad funcional y una mejor CVRS en la población estudiada.
Aim: Examine the relationship between the functional capacity and the quality of life related to health in university workers. Methodology: Cross-sectional study in 146 subjects, divided in two groups: Low functional Capacity (< 9 METs) and High functional Capacity (> 9.1 METs). We evaluated quality of life related to health (HRQOL-Health Questionnaire SF-12) and functional capacity (Questionnaire PAR/PAF) as indicators of health status. Results: 47.3% (69 men) and 52.7% (78 women). The average age of the groups was 35.0 ± 9.7 years (range 19,0-60,0 years). For HRQOL, the average found in the population assessed was 45.2 ± 4.42 (range 33,0-58,1) and 43.8 ± 6.87 (range 19,8-43,8) in components Physical Component Summary (PCS-12) and Mental Component Summary (MCS-12), respectively p = NS. Significant differences were found when comparing functional ability and sex, p<0,001 in both groups. Similarly, sex and mental component MCS-12 (group of Lower Functional) p = 0,049 as well as women and the physical component PCS-12, p = 0,05 between groups. Finally, a better score in HRQL observed in the group of High Capacity and functional components in both sex OR 0.59 (0.25-1.38). Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate the relationship between High functional Capacity and a better HRQOL in this population.
Objetivo. Estudar a relação entre a capacidade funcional e a qualidade de vida relacionada (CVRS) com a saúde em um grupo de trabalhadores de uma instituição universitária. Metodologia. Estudo transversal que incluiu 146 trabalhadores divididos em dois grupos: Grupo de Baixa Capacidade funcional (< 9 METs) e Grupo de Alta Capacidade funcional (> 9,1 METs). Avalio-se a CVRS com o Questionário de Saúde SF-12 e capacidade funcional com o Questionário PAR-PAF como indicadores do estado de saúde. Resultados. Da povoação avaliada, 47,3% (69 indivíduos) são homens e 52,7% (78 indivíduos), mulheres. A idade meia dos grupos foi de 35,0 ± 9,7 anos (rango 19,0-60,0 anos), sem diferenças entre grupos. Para a CVRS, a meia encontrada na povoação avaliada foi de 45,2 ± 4,42 (rango 33,0-58,1) e 43,8 ± 6,87 (rango 19,8-43,8) nos componentes Physical Component Summary (PCS-12) y Mental Component Summary (MCS-12), respectivamente p=NS. Diferenças significativas foram encontradas ao comparar a capacidade funcional e o gênero, p<0,001, por grupos. De igual maneira entre gêneros e o componente mental MCS-12 (grupo de Baixa Capacidade funcional) p=0,049, assim como nas mulheres e o componente físico PCS-12, p=0,05, entre grupos. Finalmente, uma melhor pontuação na CVRS se observa no grupo de Alta Capacidade funcional em ambos componentes e gêneros OR 0.59 (0.25-1.38). Conclusões. Os resultados deste trabalho demonstram a relação entre uma alta capacidade funcional e uma melhor CVRS na povoação estudada.
Subject(s)
Humans , Functional Residual Capacity , Quality of Life , Exercise , Health Status , Cross-Sectional Studies , Occupational Health , ColombiaABSTRACT
Fundamento: Una reducida capacidad funcional, o VO2máx, es considerada como factor de riesgo que ocasiona la muerte por múltiples causas, pero principalmente por enfermedad coronaria. Por lo anterior, y sumado a la dificultad que representa su evaluación, se han sugerido otras alternativas para considerarla, desarrollando ecuaciones de predicción, sin la necesidad de realizar ejercicio. Objetivo: Analizar comparativamente las ecuaciones para la predicción del VO2máx mediante el test Nonexercise regression models to estimate peak oxygen consumtion (PAR/PAF), y la desarrollada por el American College Sport Medicine (ACSM) en corredores de maratón. Mediciones principales: Variables sociodemográficas: edad (años), estado civil, estrato socioeconómico, nivel educativo y tipo de afiliación al sistema de Seguridad Social en Salud. Variables antropométricas: estatura (m), peso (kg), índice de masa corporal (IMC kg/m2) y perímetro abdominal. Variable de capacidad funcional: ecuaciones de predicción, descritos por Jackson et al (PAR/PAF), y el ACSM(AU)
Resultados: Se encontraron correlaciones entre el cálculo del ACSM y el cuestionario PAR/PAF en función al tiempo de llegada (p < 0,001, r2 = 0,94), (pNS, r2 = 0,00), y en función de la edad (pNS, r2 = 0,00), (p < 0,001, r2 = 0,87), n = 81, respectivamente. Al diferenciarlos por grupos de edad, con el cálculo del ACSM y el PAR/PAF en mayores de 30 años, se encontró una importante correlación en función al tiempo de llegada (p < 0,001, r2 = 0,95), (pNS, r2 = 0,09), respectivamente. Resultados contrarios en función de la edad, ACSM (pNS, r2 = 0,03), PAR/PAF (p < 0,001, r2 = 0,78). En menores de 30 años, comparados los métodos con el tiempo de llegada, el cálculo del ACSM demostró una alta correlación (p < 0,001, r2 = 0,97), contraria al cálculo del PAR/PAF (pNS, r2 = 0,03). Al comparar ambos métodos y su relación con la edad, no se encontraron correlaciones significativas (r2 = 0,22) y (r2 = 0,05). La correlación entre ambos métodos para estimar de manera indirecta el VO2máx en corredores de media maratón sólo fue encontrada en el grupo de mayores de 30 años (p < 0,01, r = 0,32), n=65. Conclusiones: Los modelos de predicción del VO2máx pueden constituirse en una alternativa viable para la evaluación de la capacidad funcional en estudios epidemiológicos. A pesar de esto, ambos métodos presentan un grado bajo de correlación, lo cual hace necesario futuras investigaciones para su validez(AU)
Background: Reduced cardiorespiratory function is an independent risk factor for mortality by all causes, but mainly for coronary heart disease. Nevertheless, there are many difficulties in evaluating it by exercise testing in the epidemiological context. Alternative forms of evaluation have therefore been suggested using non-exercise regression models. Aim: To comparatively analyse equations for predicting VO2max through the Non-exercise test to estimate maximal oxygen uptake (PAR/PAF), and the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) in runners of marathon. Measurements: Socio-demographic variables: age (years), marital status, socioeconomic status, educational level, and membership of the Social Security Health System. Body composition variables: height (m), weight (kg), body mass index (BMI kg/m2) and abdominal circumference. Functional capacity: equations for the prediction of functional capacity VO2max described by Jackson et al PAR/PAF and the ACSM(AU)
Results: Correlations were seen between the ACSM calculation and the PAR/PAF questionnaire according to time of arrival (p < 0.001, r2 = 0,94), (PNS, r2 = 0.00), and according to age (PNS, r2 =0.00), (p < 0.001, r2 = 0.87), n = 81, respectively. When differentiating by age group, with the calculation of the ACSM and the PAR/PAF, a significant correlation was found in the in> 30 years group according to time of arrival (p < 0.001, r2 = 0.95), (PNS, r2 = 0.09), respectively. Results compared depending on age, ACSM (PNS,r2 =0.03), PAR/PAF (p < 0.001, r2 = 78). In the < 30 years group, compared with the methods the time of arrival, the calculation of the ACSM showed a high correlation (p < 0.001, r2 = 0.97), compare to the PAR/PAF calculation (PNS, r2 = 0.03). When comparing the two methods and their relationship withage, there were no significant correlations (r2 = 22) and (r2 = 0.05). A correlation between the two methods for indirectly estimating VO2 max in the half-marathon runners was found only in the > 30 years group (p < 0.01, r = 32), n = 65. Conclusion: This study showed a higher adjusted r2, which reflected the quality and the prediction power of the models. The authors conclude that cardiorespiratory assessment by non-exercise models in epidemiological studies could be feasible(AU)