ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Effective and safe anesthesia for rodents has long been a leading concern among biomedical researchers. Intraperitoneal injection constitutes an alternative to inhalant anesthesia. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify a safe, reliable, and effective anesthesia and postoperative analgesia protocol for laboratory rats exposed to painful procedures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-seven female Wistar rats in an ongoing study that required surgery were randomized into groups for three different intraperitoneal anesthesia protocols and three different analgesia regimens. The anesthesia groups were (1) medetomidine + ketamine (MK), (2) ketamine + xylacine (KX), and (3) fentanyl + medetomidine (FM). Three analgesia groups were equally distributed among the anesthesia groups: (1) local mepivacaine + oral ibuprofen (MI), (2) oral tramadol + oral ibuprofen (TI), and (3) local tramadol + oral tramadol + + oral ibuprofen (TTI). A core was assigned to measure anesthesia (0-3) and analgesia (0-2) effectiveness; the lower the score, the more effective the treatment. RESULTS: The mean MK score was 0.44 versus 2.00 for FM and 2.33 for KX. Mean score for analgesia on the first postoperative day was TTI (4.66) TI (9.13), and MI (10.14). Mean score 48 hours after surgery was TTI (3.4), TI (6.71), and MI (9.5). These differences were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: MK was shown to be a reliable, safe, and effective method of anesthesia. The TTI analgesia regimen is strongly recommended in light of these results.
Subject(s)
Fentanyl/pharmacology , Ketamine/pharmacology , Medetomidine/pharmacology , Xylazine/pharmacology , Adjuvants, Anesthesia/administration & dosage , Adjuvants, Anesthesia/pharmacology , Anesthetics, Dissociative/administration & dosage , Anesthetics, Dissociative/pharmacology , Animals , Drug Therapy, Combination , Female , Fentanyl/administration & dosage , Hypnotics and Sedatives/administration & dosage , Hypnotics and Sedatives/pharmacology , Ketamine/administration & dosage , Medetomidine/administration & dosage , Random Allocation , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Xylazine/administration & dosageABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: This is an experimental study of endovascular aortic surgery for evaluation of the effect of thrombosis induced in the aneurysmal sac using a radiofrequency method. PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy of the induction of thrombosis of the abdominal aneurysm sac as a prevention of endoleaks after endovascular treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six dogs underwent radiofrequency blood clotting of the aneurysm sac and where afterwards treated with stent-grafting. A comparison with a historical group of 4 dogs with an abdominal aneurysm treated with stent-grafting was used. Radiofrequency was applied to each sac for 1 minute at 127 mA ± 33 (mean ± SD) (tip temperature, 92°C ± 2). IVUS ultrasonography and histology studies were used for the evaluation of the method. RESULTS: The results show the efficacy of the radiofrequency method and its possible future inclusion as a standard clinical application. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms is dependent on the complete exclusion of the aneurysm from the arterial circulation. Later growth of the aneurysm is originated from retrograde flow into the sac. This study demonstrates how the use of radiofrequency induced thrombosis in a canine model of aneurysm sac. Ultrasound IVUS enabled further control for assessment of blood coagulation after radiofrequency treatment. This approach may be considered a tool for future prevention of endoleaks, in clinical practice.
Subject(s)
Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/surgery , Endoleak/prevention & control , Endovascular Procedures/methods , Stents , Animals , Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/diagnostic imaging , Blood Coagulation/physiology , Disease Models, Animal , Dogs , Endovascular Procedures/adverse effects , Female , Male , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Thrombosis/metabolism , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
SUMMARY: This was an experimental study of endovascular aortic surgery for endovascular evaluation of the effect of thrombosis producedfor coagulation of the blood of the aneurysm sac with radiofrequency method. PURPOSE. To determine the efficacy of the induction to thrombosis of the aneurysm sac as prevention of endoleaks after endovascular treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Six dogs with induction for radiofrequency clotting blood sac of performed aneurysm and treated with stent-graft was used in the experiments in comparison with historical group of 4 dogs only with abdominal aneurysm treated with stent-graft. Radio frequency was applied to each nodule for 1 minutes at 127 mA ± 33 (mean ± SD) (tip temperature, 92°C ± 2). Color Dupplex ultrasonography and histology study are used for the evaluation of the method. RESULTS. The results show the efficacy of the radiofrequency system and it is possible the discussion of the standard clinical application DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. Endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms is dependent on the successful exclusion of the aneurysm from arterial circulation. Type II endoleaks originate from retrograde flow into the aneurysm sac. This study demonstrates the use of radiofrequency induce thrombosis in a canine model of a type II endoleak. A Ultrasound Dupplex enabled the immediate and a month detection of coagulation blood after radio-frequency treatment in dog aneurysm sac. This approach may be a strategy for future prevention of endoleaks (AU)
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