ABSTRACT
Cancer is responsible for more than 10 million deaths every year. Metastasis and drug resistance lead to a poor survival rate and are a major therapeutic challenge. Substantial evidence demonstrates that an increasing number of long non-coding RNAs are dysregulated in cancer, including the long intergenic non-coding RNA, regulator of reprogramming (linc-ROR), which mostly exerts its role as an onco-lncRNA acting as a competing endogenous RNA that sequesters micro RNAs. Although the properties of linc-ROR in relation to some cancers have been reviewed in the past, active research appends evidence constantly to a better comprehension of the role of linc-ROR in different stages of cancer. Moreover, the molecular details and some recent papers have been omitted or partially reported, thus the importance of this review aimed to contribute to the up-to-date understanding of linc-ROR and its implication in cancer tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance. As the involvement of linc-ROR in cancer is elucidated, an improvement in diagnostic and prognostic tools could promote and advance in targeted and specific therapies in precision oncology.
ABSTRACT
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) originates in the squamous cell lining the mucosal surfaces of the head and neck region, including the oral cavity, nasopharynx, tonsils, oropharynx, larynx, and hypopharynx. The heterogeneity, anatomical, and functional characteristics of the patient make the HNSCC a complex and difficult-to-treat disease, leading to a poor survival rate and a decreased quality of life due to the loss of important physiologic functions and aggressive surgical injury. Alteration of driver-oncogenic and tumor-suppressing lncRNAs has recently been recently in HNSCC to obtain possible biomarkers for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic approaches. This review provides current knowledge about the implication of lncRNAs in drug resistance mechanisms in HNSCC. Chemotherapy resistance is a major therapeutic challenge in HNSCC in which lncRNAs are implicated. Lately, it has been shown that lncRNAs involved in autophagy induced by chemotherapy and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) can act as mechanisms of resistance to anticancer drugs. Conversely, lncRNAs involved in mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) are related to chemosensitivity and inhibition of invasiveness of drug-resistant cells. In this regard, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a pivotal role in both processes and are important for cancer detection, progression, diagnosis, therapy response, and prognostic values. As the involvement of more lncRNAs is elucidated in chemoresistance mechanisms, an improvement in diagnostic and prognostic tools could promote an advance in targeted and specific therapies in precision oncology.
ABSTRACT
El Sistema de Notificación de Eventos Adversos de la FDA (FAERS por sus siglas en inglés), ha informado sobre ciertas reacciones ad- versas a las vacunas que de forma poco común se presentan, siendo los síntomas neurológicos los más frecuentes, como mareos, dolor de cabeza, neuralgias, espasmos musculares, mialgias y parestesias. CoronaVac-Sinovac® es una vacuna de virus completo químicamente inactivo para COVID-19, creada a partir de células renales de mono verde africano que han sido inoculadas con la cepa SARS-CoV-2 CZ02. Noventa jóvenes estudiantes voluntarios entre 20 y 30 años recibieron el esquema de inmunización en dos dosis con 50 días de diferencia. En el presente estudio se observaron síntomas secundarios a la primera y segunda dosis, empleando un instrumento de recolección de informa- ción referente al estado de salud previo y posterior a la administración de la primera y segunda dosis, enfocado a los efectos secundarios. Los resultados manifestaron como las sintomatologías más frecuentes: insomnio, cansancio, dolor en articulaciones, somnolencia y dolor localizado en zona de punción, siendo esta última la más frecuente, también se observó una asociación estrecha con el sexo, la edad y el índice de masa corporal. Son necesarios estudios con mayor número de población observada para establecer resultados concluyentes (AU)
The FAERS, FDA Adverse Event Reporting System, has reported certain adverse reactions to vaccines that may occur uncommonly, with neurological symptoms being the most frequent of this group, manifesting as dizziness, pain headache, neuralgia, muscle spasms, myalgia, and paraesthesia. CoronaVac-Sinovac® is a chemically inactive whole virus vaccine for COVID-19, created from African green monkey kidney cells that have been inoculated with the SARS-CoV-2 CZ02 strain. 90 young volunteer students between 20 and 30 years old received the immunization schedule in two doses 50 days apart, in the present study the symptoms secondary to the first and second dose were observed, using an instrument for collecting information regarding the health status before and after the administration of the first and second dose of vaccination, focused on side effects. The results showed as the most frequent symptoms: Insomnia, tiredness, joint pain, drowsiness and localized pain in the puncture area, the latter being the most frequent, a close association was also observed with sex, age, and body mass index. Studies with a larger number of observed populations are necessary to establish conclusive results (AU)
