ABSTRACT
Nephrogenic adenoma (NA) is an infrequent reactive urothelial lesion. The expression of immunohistochemical renal tubular markers has been reported in NA, although a proximal or distal nephron phenotype has not been established. Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (SATB2) is a marker of a colorectal origin of adenocarcinomas, occasionally reported in renal samples. We have analyzed SATB2 expression in NA, with correlation with other tubular markers, as well as in the normal kidney. Fifty cases of NA were immunostained with PAX8, SATB2, proximal nephron markers [CD10, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) marker, alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR), and CD15], and distal markers (Ksp cadherin, cytokeratin 7, E-cadherin (E-cad), and cytokeratin 19). Ten normal kidney sections were stained with a double method combining SATB2 plus CD10, RCC marker, AMACR, Ksp cadherin, cytokeratin 7, or E-cad. All NA were immunoreactive for PAX8 and 57% for SATB2. Every case was positive for proximal and distal nephron markers: 100% for cytokeratins 7 and 19, 84.1% E-cad +, 81.6% AMACR +, 68.9% Ksp cadherin +, 63% CD15 +, 53.3% CD10 +, and 28.6 % RCC +. In the normal kidney, SATB2 was detected in the straight part of the proximal tubules and the thin descending loops of Henle. NA shows a multiphenotypic pattern with coexpression of both proximal and distal nephron markers, and constant expression of PAX8, cytokeratins 7 and 19. SATB2 is often positive in NA, which should be kept in mind to avoid a possible misdiagnosis of intestinal adenocarcinoma. SATB2 is a marker of the normal proximal nephron.
Subject(s)
Adenoma , Carcinoma, Renal Cell , Kidney Neoplasms , Matrix Attachment Region Binding Proteins , Humans , Carcinoma, Renal Cell/metabolism , Keratin-7 , Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism , Immunohistochemistry , Nephrons/metabolism , Nephrons/pathology , Kidney Neoplasms/metabolism , Adenoma/metabolism , Cadherins/metabolism , Transcription FactorsABSTRACT
Circumscribed palmar or plantar hypokeratosis (CPH) is a depressed, well-delimited, erythematous lesion usually found in the thenar and hypothenar regions of the palms or the soles, predominately in women. It was first described by Pérez et al. in 2002 as a benign entity of unknown origin. Histologically, the depressed area corresponds to a thinning of the stratum corneum. It is a well-demarcated lesion with a sharp stair in the stratum corneum between normal and involved skin and the affected corneocytes are more eosinophilic than normal. We present two new cases of CPH, both occurring in females and in the hand, one of which was located in the thenar region and the other in the finger. We discuss the histopathological and dermatoscopical findings.
Subject(s)
Hand Dermatoses , Female , Hand Dermatoses/pathology , HumansABSTRACT
La hipoqueratosis circunscrita palmar o plantar (HCP) es una lesión deprimida bien delimitada, eritematosa, de localización más frecuente en las regiones tenar e hipotenar de palmas y plantas, que afecta predominantemente a mujeres. Fue descrita por Pérez et al. en 2002 como una nueva entidad benigna de etiología desconocida. Histológicamente el área deprimida corresponde a un adelgazamiento del espesor de la capa córnea. El límite entre capa córnea normal y adelgazada tiene forma de escalera raída y los corneocitos son más eosinofílicos que los normales adyacentes. Presentamos dos nuevos casos de HCP en mujeres, localizados uno en la región tenar y el otro en un dedo de la mano, con los hallazgos histológicos y dermatoscópicos.(AU)
Circumscribed palmar or plantar hypokeratosis (CPH) is a depressed, well-delimited, erythematous lesion usually found in the thenar and hypothenar regions of the palms or the soles, predominately in women. It was first described by Pérez et al. in 2002 as a benign entity of unknown origin. Histologically, the depressed area corresponds to a thinning of the stratum corneum. It is a well-demarcated lesion with a sharp stair in the stratum corneum between normal and involved skin and the affected corneocytes are more eosinophilic than normal. We present two new cases of CPH, both occurring in females and in the hand, one of which was located in the thenar region and the other in the finger. We discuss the histopathological and dermatoscopical findings.(AU)
