ABSTRACT
COVID-19 is an infectious disease that has affected millions of people worldwide, Spain being one of the countries most affected by the pandemic. It is key to study its impact on the mental health of the Spanish population during the lockdown situation.
Subject(s)
Anxiety , Avoidance Learning , COVID-19 , Communicable Disease Control/methods , Depression , Mental Health/statistics & numerical data , Stress, Psychological , Adaptation, Psychological , Adult , Anxiety/diagnosis , Anxiety/epidemiology , COVID-19/epidemiology , COVID-19/prevention & control , COVID-19/psychology , Community Mental Health Services/methods , Community Mental Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Cross-Sectional Studies , Depression/diagnosis , Depression/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Male , Physical Distancing , SARS-CoV-2 , Socioeconomic Factors , Spain/epidemiology , Stress, Psychological/diagnosis , Stress, Psychological/epidemiology , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Introducción: La COVID-19 es una enfermedad infecciosa que está afectando a millones de personas alrededor delmundo, siendo España uno de los países más afectados porla pandemia. Es fundamental evaluar el impacto en la saludmental de la población española durante el periodo de confinamiento. El objetivo es analizar las respuestas desadaptativas en cada comunidad autónoma durante las dos primerassemanas tras la declaración del estado de alarma en España.Metodología. A través de un cuestionario online, serecogieron variables clínicas y sociodemográficas de los participantes del 19 al 26 de marzo. Para estudiar las respuestasdesadaptativas, se utilizaron los cuestionarios DASS-21 y EIE.Resultados. 21.152 personas completaron el cuestionario.La edad media fue 39,75 (DE 14,039) y el 69,6 % eran mujeres.La mayoría de los participantes vivía en Asturias (36,2 %) yCantabria (11,9 %). La respuesta desadaptativa más frecuentede la muestra fueron los síntomas depresivos (46,7 %), seguidadel estrés (33,2 %) y la ansiedad (10,7 %). Los resultados dela DASS-21 desvelaron que en Andalucía [n = 1979 (9,3 %)]se observó un mayor porcentaje en los tres dominios: síntomas depresivos (59,7 %), estrés (41,7 %) y ansiedad (16,2 %).Castilla-La Mancha tuvo el porcentaje más alto de respuestaintrusiva (31,2 %) y Andalucía de respuesta evitativa (55,7 %).Conclusiones. Casi la mitad de la muestra presentórespuestas desadaptativas, siendo los síntomas depresivos yla conducta evitativa las más frecuentes. El impacto sobrela salud mental durante y tras eventos traumáticos de granescala debería de abordarse minuciosamente para minimizarlas respuestas desadaptativas en la población general. (AU)
Introduction: COVID-19 is an infectious disease that hasaffected millions of people worldwide, Spain being one ofthe countries most affected by the pandemic. It is key tostudy its impact on the mental health of the Spanish population during the lockdown situation.The aim is to analyse maladaptive responses in eachautonomous community during the first two weeks afterthe state of emergency was declared in Spain.Material and Methods. Through an online questionnaire, clinical and sociodemographic information was collected from participants between 19 and 26 March 2020. TheDASS-21 and the IES questionnaires were used to evaluatethe maladaptive psychological responses.Results. A total of 21,152 people completed the questionnaire. Mean age was 39.75 (SD 14.039), and 69.6% werewomen. Most of the participants lived in Asturias (36.2%)and Cantabria (11.9%). In the sample as a whole, among themaladaptive responses, depressive symptoms represented thehighest percentage (46.7%), followed by stress (33.2%) andanxiety (10.7%) symptoms. The results of the DASS-21 revealed that a higher proportion of the people from Andalusia[n = 1979 (9.3%))]were affected in all three domains: depressive (59.7%), stress (41.7 %), and anxiety (16.2%) symptoms,Castilla La Mancha had the highest percentage of intrusiveresponse (31.2%), while Andalusia had the highest percentage of avoidance behaviour (55.7%). Conclusions. Almost half of the sample showed maladaptive reactions, depressive symptoms and avoidance behaviour being the most common responses. Repercussionson mental health during and after large-scale traumaticevents should be addressed carefully to minimize maladaptive responses in the general population. (AU)
