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1.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 71(3): 201-208, sept. 2009. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-72449

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El empleo de fármacos en niños es complicado, tanto más cuanto menor es el paciente y si se encuentra ingresado en unidades especiales. Se pretende describir su uso en una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales (UCIN) y comprobar su adecuación a las guías actuales y las causas de las malas prescripciones. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo durante un año. Se clasificaron los fármacos como indicados, no indicados y fuera de indicación, según su ficha técnica. La clasificación de los pacientes se llevó a cabo por medio de la consideración de su peso al nacimiento y su enfermedad. Ingresaron 41 pacientes. El peso medio fue de 2.122,2±1.167,5g. El tiempo medio de ingreso en la UCIN fue de 11,9±20,2 días. Se registraron 172 prescripciones farmacéuticas, correspondientes a 33 principios activos. El número medio de tratamientos fue de 5,1 por paciente. Los fármacos más prescritos fueron ampicilina (31), gentamicina (31), teofilina (15), tensioactivo exógeno (11) y midazolam (10). El grupo que recibió un mayor número de tratamientos fue el de los pacientes con peso inferior a 750g con complicaciones (17,3±19,7 por paciente). La indicación más frecuente fue riesgo de infección por transmisión vertical (59), seguida de pausas de apnea (21), sedación (14), sepsis (14) y enfermedad de la membrana hialina (11). Se indicaron 61 fármacos (35%), estuvieron fuera de indicación 100 (58%) y fueron no indicados 11 (6%). Las causas de clasificación como no indicado o fuera de indicación de una prescripción farmacéutica más frecuentes fueron la edad del paciente (52) y la indicación para la que se empleó (52). Conclusiones: Más de la mitad de los fármacos prescritos no se adecuan a su ficha técnica. De los 33 principios activos, más de la mitad (18) están indicados según ésta. Los medicamentos empleados para las entidades más frecuentes (profilaxis de la infección vertical, pausas de apnea, sepsis y sedación) no son adecuados según lo expuesto en su ficha técnica (AU)


Introduction: The employment of medicaments in children is complicated, so much more minor all that is the patient and if it is deposited in special units. We try to describe their use in a neonatal intensive care unit, to verify their adequacy with regard to the current guides and the reasons of the wrong prescriptions. Material and methods: A market study was realized for one year. One classified the medicaments as indicated, not indicated and out of indication, according to their specification sheet. The classification of the patients was carried out considering their weight to the birth and pathology. 41 patients entered. The average weight was 2122,2±1167,5g. The average time of revenue in neonatal intensive care unit was 11,9±20,2 days. There were registered 172 pharmaceutical prescriptions, corresponding 33 active principles. The average number of treatments was of 5,1 for patient. The most prescribed medicaments were ampiciline (31), gentamicine (31), teofiline (15), surfactant exogenous (11) and midazolam (10). The group that received more treatments was that of minors of 750g. with complications (17,3±19,7 for patient). The most frequent indication was a risk of infection for vertical transmission (59), followed of pauses of apnea (21), sedation (14), sepsis (14) and hyaline membrane disease (11). Were indicated 61 medicaments (35%), out of indication 100 (58%), and not indicated 11 (6%). The reasons of classification as not indicated or out of indicacion more frequent were the age of the patient (52) and the indication for the one that used (52). Conclusions: More than the half of the prescribed medicaments are not indicated or out of indication to their specification sheet. Of 33 active principles, more than the half (18) are indicated according to their specification sheet. The medicines used for the most frequent entities (prevention vertical infection, pause of apnea, sepsis and sedation) are not adapted as exposed in their specification sheet (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Drug Prescriptions/statistics & numerical data , Critical Care/methods , Pharmaceutical Services/trends , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/drug therapy , Drug Utilization/statistics & numerical data , Medication Errors/statistics & numerical data , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal/statistics & numerical data
2.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 71(3): 201-8, 2009 Sep.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19648069

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The employment of medicaments in children is complicated, so much more minor all that is the patient and if it is deposited in special units. We try to describe their use in a neonatal intensive care unit, to verify their adequacy with regard to the current guides and the reasons of the wrong prescriptions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A market study was realized for one year. One classified the medicaments as indicated, not indicated and out of indication, according to their specification sheet. The classification of the patients was carried out considering their weight to the birth and pathology. 41 patients entered. The average weight was 2122.2+/-1167.5 g. The average time of revenue in neonatal intensive care unit was 11.9+/-20.2 days. There were registered 172 pharmaceutical prescriptions, corresponding 33 active principles. The average number of treatments was of 5.1 for patient. The most prescribed medicaments were ampiciline (31), gentamicine (31), teofiline (15), surfactant exogenous (11) and midazolam (10). The group that received more treatments was that of minors of 750 g with complications (17.3+/-19.7 for patient). The most frequent indication was a risk of infection for vertical transmission (59), followed of pauses of apnea (21), sedation (14), sepsis (14) and hyaline membrane disease (11). Were indicated 61 medicaments (35%), out of indication 100 (58%), and not indicated 11 (6%). The reasons of classification as not indicated or out of indication more frequent were the age of the patient (52) and the indication for the one that used (52). CONCLUSIONS: More than the half of the prescribed medicaments are not indicated or out of indication to their specification sheet. Of 33 active principles, more than the half (18) are indicated according to their specification sheet. The medicines used for the most frequent entities (prevention vertical infection, pause of apnea, sepsis and sedation) are not adapted as exposed in their specification sheet.


Subject(s)
Drug Prescriptions/standards , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal , Drug Prescriptions/classification , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Prospective Studies
3.
Bol. pediatr ; 47(201): 284-291, 2007. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-056541

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Recientemente se ha sugerido que la procalcitonina (PCT) tiene capacidad discriminativa en el diagnóstico de sepsis neonatal. El objetivo de este estudio prospectivo multicéntrico es evaluar la utilidad de la PCT como marcador de sepsis neonatal de origen nosocomial. Pacientes y métodos: Se incluyeron 100 neonatos con sospecha de sepsis nosocomial de entre 4 y 28 días de vida ingresados en los servicios de neonatología de 13 hospitales de tercer nivel de España durante un período de 1 año. Se midió la concentración de PCT mediante análisis inmunoluminométrico. Se calculó la eficacia diagnóstica de la PCT en el momento de la sospecha de infección, a las 12-24 h y a las 36-48 h. Resultados: Se diagnosticaron 61 casos de sepsis nosocomial. Las concentraciones de PCT fueron superiores en los casos de sepsis nosocomial frente a los neonatos con sospecha de sepsis no confirmada. Los neonatos con sepsis por estafilococos coagulasa-negativos mostraron niveles de PCT más bajos que aquellos con sepsis nosocomial por otros agentes. Los puntos de corte óptimo para la PCT de acuerdo con las curvas ROC fueron 0,59 ng/mL en el momento de la sospecha de infección (sensibilidad 81,4%, especificidad 80,6%), 1,34 ng/mLa las 12-24 h (sensibilidad 73,7%, especificidad 80,6%) y 0,69 ng/mL a las 36-48 h (sensibilidad 86,5%, especificidad 72,7%) para el diagnóstico de sepsis de origen nosocomial. Conclusiones: La PCT mostró una moderada capacidad diagnóstica para la sepsis neonatal de origen nosocomial desde el momento de la sospecha de infección. Aunque por sí sola no sería suficientemente fiable, podría ser útil como parte de un chequeo de sepsis más completo (AU)


Background: It has recently been suggested that serum procalcitonin (PCT) is of value in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis, with varying results. The aim of this prospective multicenter study was to assess the usefulness of PCT as a marker of neonatal sepsis of nosocomial origin. Methods: One hundred infants aged between 4 and 28 days of life admitted to the Neonatology Services of 13 acutecare teaching hospitals in Spain over 1-year with clinical suspicion of neonatal sepsis of nosocomial origin were included in the study. Serum PCT concentrations were determined by a specific immunoluminometric assay. The reliability of PCT for the diagnosis of nosocomial neonatal sepsis at the time of suspicion of infection and at 12-24 h and 36-48 h after the onset of symptoms was calculated. Results: The diagnosis of nosocomial sepsis was confirmed in 61 neonates. Serum PCT concentrations were significantly higher at initial suspicion and at 12–24 h and 36- 48 h after the onset of symptoms in neonates with confirmed sepsis than in neonates with clinically suspected but not confirmed sepsis. Optimal PCT thresholds according to ROC curves were 0,59 ng/mL at the time of suspicion of sepsis (sensitivity 81,4%, specificity 80,6%); 1,34 ng/mL within 12-24 h of birth (sensitivity 73,7%, specificity 80,6%), and 0,69 ng/mL within 36-48 h of birth (sensitivity 86,5%, specificity 72,7%). Conclusions: Serum PCT concentrations showed a moderate diagnostic reliability for the detection of nosocomial neonatal sepsis from the time of suspicion of infection. PCT is not sufficiently reliable to be the sole marker of sepsis, but would be useful as part of a full sepsis evaluation (AU)


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Humans , Sepsis/complications , Sepsis/diagnosis , Cross Infection/complications , Cross Infection/diagnosis , Calcitonin , Sensitivity and Specificity , Risk Factors , Predictive Value of Tests , Prospective Studies , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Polymerase Chain Reaction/trends
5.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 59(4): 328-33, 2003 Oct.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14519303

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the main cause of bronchiolitis in children aged less than 2 years. The effectiveness of palivizumab has recently been reported in several clinical trials. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the hypothetical impact of a treatment strategy using palivizumab for the prevention of bronchiolitis in premature infants. METHODS: Neonates born in our hospital between January 1995 and December 1998 who were admitted for bronchiolitis were included. Using information from the Impact-RSV study, the effects and impact of different cut-off points in the gestational age of the study group were measured. Cost-effectiveness analysis included the cost of hospitalization as well as the direct cost of palivizumab prescriptions. RESULTS: Of 7,766 newborn infants, 56 had a gestational age of < or =32 weeks. Of these, bronchiolitis was diagnosed in eight infants (14.28%), and RSV was isolated in seven (14.28%). After hypothetical prophylaxis in premature infants the best results were obtained in the group with a gestational age of 30 weeks. In this group the relative risk of admission for bronchiolitis was 12.1 (95% CI: 4.8-30.5) and treatment would be required in nine infants to avoid one admission (cost Euros 12,915), with a cost 3.8 times greater than the current cost, without prophylaxis. CONCLUSIONS: Measurement of the impact and cost-effectiveness analysis of palivizumab prophylaxis provides a useful method for determining recommendations for the prevention of bronchiolitis in premature infants.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Bronchiolitis/prevention & control , Infant, Premature, Diseases/prevention & control , Acute Disease , Antibodies, Monoclonal/economics , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized , Antiviral Agents/economics , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Gestational Age , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Palivizumab , Retrospective Studies
6.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 59(4): 328-333, oct. 2003.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-24867

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El virus respiratorio sincitial (VRS) es la causa principal de bronquiolitis en menores de 2 años. Recientemente se ha constatado la eficacia de palivizumab en diversos ensayos clínicos. Objetivo Evaluar el hipotético impacto de la aplicación de una estrategia asistencial con palivizumab en la prevención de bronquiolitis en prematuros. Métodos Se incluye a los neonatos nacidos en nuestro hospital desde enero de 1995 a diciembre de 1998 y que ingresan por bronquiolitis. Aplicando datos del estudio "ImpactRSV" se calculan medidas de efecto y de impacto para los diferentes puntos de corte de la edad gestacional en la población a estudio. El análisis coste-eficacia incluye el coste directo de la prescripción de palivizumab y el de la hospitalización. Resultados De 7.766 neonatos, hay 56 con edad gestacional <= 32 semanas, en 8 (14,28 por ciento) se diagnostica bronquiolitis y en 7 (87,5 por ciento) se aisla VRS. Tras la hipotética profilaxis en prematuros los mejores resultados se obtienen en el grupo de <= 30 semanas de gestación, donde el riesgo relativo de ingreso por bronquiolitis es de 12,1 (IC 95 por ciento: 4,8-30,5) necesitando tratar a 9 (coste de 12.915 ) para evitar un ingreso, con un gasto 3,8 veces superior al actual sin profilaxis. Conclusiones Las medidas de impacto y el estudio coste-eficacia ofrecen un método útil para decidir recomendaciones en la prevención de bronquiolitis en prematuros (AU)


Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Infant , Humans , Retrospective Studies , Antiviral Agents , Antibodies, Monoclonal , Bronchiolitis , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Acute Disease , Infant, Premature, Diseases , Gestational Age
7.
Bol. pediatr ; 43(185): 272-280, 2003. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-044566

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La detección precoz de la hipoacusia tieneimportancia para instaurar rehabilitación auditiva tempranay conseguir el desarrollo normal del lenguaje. Por estemotivo se han desarrollado programas de screening auditivoen neonatos, que se iniciaron en pacientes con factores deriesgo de hipoacusia. El estudio neurofisiológico de potencialesevocados auditivos del troncocerebral (PEATC) constituyeun método objetivo de detección precoz de trastornosde la audición y evaluación funcional de la vía auditiva.Objetivos: Estudiar la incidencia de hipoacusia en neonatosy niños con factores de riesgo en nuestra área asistencialasí como hacer una revisión de los métodos de screeningde hipoacusia con análisis coste-efectividad.Métodos: Se realizó PEATC, años 2001 y 2002, a todoslos neonatos y niños que presentaron algún factor de riesgo audiológico o neurológico, basándose en los criterios de la Comisión Española para la Detección Precoz de Hipoacusia. El estudio incluyó 157 niños con edades desde el nacimiento hasta los 5 años. Conclusiones: El resultado muestra en niños con factoresde riesgo una incidencia de 7,6% de hipoacusia neurosensorial y 2,5% de hipoacusia neurosensorial profunda bilateral. El realizar este programa de screening permitió disminuir la edad de detección de la hipoacusia en los neonatos antes de los 6 meses de edad. Los PEATC convencionales son el método más sensible de valoración de la audición en niños; sin embargo, son demasiado costosos y en tiempo empleado como método inicial de screening. El uso de equipamientos automatizados de screening universal, puede reducir el coste e incrementar el coste-efectividad


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Child , Humans , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/adverse effects , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Infant, Premature, Diseases/diagnosis , Infant, Premature, Diseases/therapy , Infant, Premature , Betamethasone/administration & dosage , Betamethasone/adverse effects , Betamethasone/chemistry , Betamethasone/classification , Betamethasone
11.
An Esp Pediatr ; 46(3): 252-8, 1997 Mar.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9173844

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the different pathogenic factors in a large population of children. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A transverse epidemiological study was performed. Schoolchildren in the province of Leon between 6 and 10 years of age were studied during the 1991-1992 academic year. A randomly chosen sample of 2,165 children was used. The study was carried out by means of an anonymous survey given to the children's parents by the school. RESULTS: In addition to family antecedents of enuresis, the main associated factors were the mother's cultural status, with enuresis more frequent if the status was low, and the child's birth order. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that certain family conditions favor the development of nocturnal enuresis.


Subject(s)
Enuresis/epidemiology , Students , Child , Family/psychology , Female , Humans , Incidence , Male , Psychomotor Disorders , Retrospective Studies , Sex Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Spain/epidemiology
12.
An Esp Pediatr ; 44(6): 561-7, 1996 Jun.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8849099

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to better understand the development of nocturnal bladder control in our population of children and to analyze the different factors that influence this process. A transversal epidemiological study in a randomly chosen sample of schoolchildren, between the ages of 6 and 10 years, in the province of Leon was performed. The study was carried out by means of an anonymous survey given to the children's parents through the school center. The survey was comprised of personal, environmental and sphincter control development questions. We define nocturnal enuresis as at least one wet night per month in children older than 6 years of age. Of the surveys distributed, 65.1% were answered. The prevalence of primary, secondary and total nocturnal enuresis was 10.18%, 2.91% and 13.09%, respectively, for children 6 years of age and 6.59%, 0.9% and 7.49%, respectively in 10 year old children. Among the children without nocturnal enuresis, in the event of family antecedents of nocturnal enuresis, in absence of toilet training, or when sphincter education was started later than 15 months of age, slower maturation of sphincter control was observed. We conclude, that the nocturnal enuresis prevalence is similar to that reported in other related countries and that bladder control maturation among children without bed-wetting tendencies is related to the educational attitude of the parents and family antecedents of nocturnal enuresis.


Subject(s)
Enuresis/epidemiology , Toilet Training , Child , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Enuresis/prevention & control , Female , Humans , Male , Pilot Projects , Prevalence , Random Allocation , Socioeconomic Factors , Spain/epidemiology , Surveys and Questionnaires
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