ABSTRACT
The adult rodent subventricular zone (SVZ) generates neural stem cells (NSCs) throughout life that migrate to the olfactory bulbs (OBs) and differentiate into olfactory interneurons. Few SVZ NSCs generate oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). We investigated how neurogliogenesis is regulated during aging in mice and in a non-human primate (NHP) model, the gray mouse lemur. In both species, neuronal commitment decreased with age, while OPC generation and myelin content unexpectedly increased. In the OBs, more tyrosine hydroxylase interneurons in old mice, but fewer in lemurs, marked a surprising interspecies difference that could relate to our observation of a continuous ventricle in lemurs. In the corpus callosum, aging promoted maturation of OPCs into mature oligodendrocytes in mice but blocked it in lemurs. The present study highlights similarities and dissimilarities between rodents and NHPs, revealing that NHPs are a more relevant model than mice to study the evolution of biomarkers of aging.
Subject(s)
Cheirogaleidae , Lemur , Neural Stem Cells , Animals , Lateral Ventricles , Myelin Sheath , Neural Stem Cells/physiology , Oligodendroglia/physiology , Cell Differentiation/physiologyABSTRACT
This study was designed to determine if the levels of oxidative stress markers are influenced by low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in mdx mice subjected to high-intensity exercise training on an electric treadmill. We used 21 C57BL/10ScSn-Dmdmdx/J mice and 7 C57BL/10ScSn mice, all aged 4 weeks. The mice were divided into four groups: a positive control group of normal, wild-type mice (WT); a negative control group of untreated mdx mice; a group of mdx mice that underwent forced high-intensity exercise on a treadmill (mdx fatigue); and another group of mdx mice with the same characteristics that were treated with LLLT at a single point on the gastrocnemius muscle of the hind paw and underwent forced high-intensity exercise on a treadmill. The mdx mice treated with LLLT showed significantly lower levels of creatine kinase (CK) and oxidative stress than mdx mice that underwent forced high-intensity exercise on a treadmill. The activities of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) were higher in control mdx mice than in WT mice. LLLT also significantly reduced the level of this marker. LLLT had a beneficial effect also on the skeletal muscle performance of mdx mice. However, the single application of LLLT and the dose parameters used in this study were not able to change the morphology of a dystrophic muscle.
Subject(s)
Biomarkers/metabolism , Low-Level Light Therapy/methods , Muscle Fatigue/physiology , Oxidative Stress , Physical Conditioning, Animal , Animals , Creatine Kinase/blood , Exercise Test , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mice, Inbred mdx , Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism , Muscle, Skeletal/pathology , Protein Carbonylation , Superoxide Dismutase/metabolismABSTRACT
La búsqueda de nuevos dispositivos que permitan abordar la vía aérea difícil y de esta forma garantizar una adecuada ventilación al paciente ha constituido un objetivo primordial de los anestesiólogos desde tiempos inmemoriales. La introducción de la máscara laríngea Proseal en el año 2000 marcó una de las tantas etapas en el desarrollo de esta búsqueda del dispositivo idóneo Es objetivo del trabajo actualizar la información existente sobre la máscara laríngea Proseal. Descripción del dispositivo, técnicas de inserción, alteraciones fisiológicas, indicaciones más frecuentes. La rápida y fácil inserción, la disminución de traumatismos en su colocación así como llevar prácticamente a cero los riesgos de bronco aspiración hacen de por si que la máscara laríngea Proseal constituya un referente a tener en cuenta en disímiles procederes(AU)
