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1.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 67(5): 390-398, sep.-oct. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-701053

ABSTRACT

La alergia alimentaria representa la primera expresión clínica de atopia durante la vida, ya sea con manifestaciones gastrointestinales o cutáneas, seguidas de asma y rinitis. A este continuo desarrollo de enfermedades se ha denominado "marcha atópica". Es un problema importante de salud, no sólo para los pacientes sino también incluye al grupo familiar y social. Se define como una respuesta inmunológica anormal ante la ingesta de proteínas alimenticias que ocasionan una reacción clínica adversa. La mayoría de las personas desarrolla tolerancia a los antígenos alimentarios, los cuales constantemente acceden al organismo. Sin embargo, cuando la tolerancia falla, el sistema inmune responde con reacciones de hipersensibilidad. El diagnóstico de la alergia alimentaria todavía es un ejercicio clínico que depende de una historia cuidadosa, de la determinación específica de IgE, pruebas de parche, una apropiada dieta de exclusión y la realización de reto cegado.


Food allergy has become the first clinical expression of atopy, beginning with dermal o gastric manifestations to continue with asthma an rhinitis ("the atopic march"), a very severe health problem not only for many children and parents, but also for the entire medical and paramedical community. Food allergy is defined as an abnormal immunological reaction to food proteins, which causes an adverse clinical reaction. Most of the people become tolerant to many foods; however, these tolerances sometimes fail and become an immunological reaction. The evaluation of a child with suspected food allergy includes detailed medical history, physical examination, screening tests and response to elimination diet and to oral food challenge. None of the screening tests -alone or in combination- can definitely diagnose or exclude it.

2.
Rev Alerg Mex ; 52(5): 206-12, 2005.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16579184

ABSTRACT

Milk contains more than 40 proteins and all of them may act like human species antigens. The main allergens are beta lactoglobulin, casein, alpha lactoalbumin and seroalbumin; beta lactoglobulin is a protein not existing in human species and is found in maternal milk in minimal quantities (mcg) due to milky products ingested by the mother, these small quantities are responsible of the highest number of sensitizations to this protein. This article reviews the allergy to the cow-milk's protein, also, a critical route to its diagnosis and management is planted.


Subject(s)
Milk Hypersensitivity , Milk Proteins/adverse effects , Milk/adverse effects , Algorithms , Animals , Humans , Milk Hypersensitivity/diagnosis , Milk Hypersensitivity/immunology , Milk Hypersensitivity/therapy
3.
Rev Alerg Mex ; 51(5): 189-95, 2004.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15794409

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Acute episodes of asthma are one of the most common respiratory emergencies, and status asthmaticus is the most severe respiratory impairment. Because "not all the wheezes are manifestations of asthma", the clinician needs to consider non asthmatic causes of wheezing in the differential diagnosis such as tracheal stenosis. CLINICAL CASE: 7 years old male, hispanic, non atopic background, with two previous cases of acute asthma. Current condition: 15 days of cough, dyspnea and wheezes, without fever. The physical examination revealed nasal flutter, use of accessory muscles of respiration, fatigue and bibasal hypoventilation. Mitomycin was applied during nasolaryngoscopy. He was discharged 17 days after with tracheal stenosis diagnosis. Biopsy reported respiratory epithelium with chronic inflammation and fibrosis. Six dilatations were performed because of persistent stenosis and he is being evaluated by infectologist and hematologist for repeated upper airway infections associated with cyclic neutropenia.


Subject(s)
Diagnostic Errors , Neutropenia/complications , Respiratory Sounds/etiology , Status Asthmaticus/diagnosis , Tracheal Stenosis/diagnosis , Acute Disease , Biopsy , Bronchial Spasm/diagnosis , Bronchial Spasm/etiology , Child , Diagnosis, Differential , Dilatation , Genes, Dominant , Gingivitis/complications , Humans , Leukocyte Count , Male , Membranes/pathology , Neutropenia/diagnosis , Neutropenia/genetics , Periodicity , Physical Examination , Radiography , Recurrence , Respiratory Tract Infections/etiology , Tooth Loss/complications , Tracheal Stenosis/diagnostic imaging , Tracheal Stenosis/etiology , Tracheal Stenosis/pathology , Tracheal Stenosis/therapy
4.
Rev Alerg Mex ; 50(5): 182-6, 2003.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14631589

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Specific immunotherapy involves administration of allergenic extract in order to reach clinical tolerance of the causal allergens in patients with allergic conditions. When administered, it can provoke side effects. OBJECTIVE: To identify systemic reactions after specific immunotherapy administration. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective trial from January 1996 to December 2000. We reviewed patients' files with an allergic disease diagnosis that received immunotherapy. We looked for adverse reactions at 20 minutes and immunotherapy sheets report. The results were analyzed by central and dispersion trends. RESULTS: Annual average was of 1,168 applications, 51 (23%) had an adverse reaction. Average age was of 9.5 +/- 2.2 years. 76.5% were male. 125 (5.7%) patients abandoned the treatment and 2,025 (94.3%) continued it. The frequency of intermittent mild asthma/allergic rhinitis was of 51%, persistent moderate asthma/allergic rhinitis, 9.8, and allergic rhinitis, 9.8%. The most common allergen was Dermatophagoides (80.4%). The most frequent reactions were a wheal (64.7%) and exacerbation of clinic baseline (25.5%). CONCLUSIONS: Percentage of patients with an immunotherapy immediate reaction was of 2.3% according to literature reports (2.1%).


Subject(s)
Allergens/adverse effects , Desensitization, Immunologic/adverse effects , Hypersensitivity, Delayed/etiology , Hypersensitivity, Immediate/etiology , Allergens/therapeutic use , Animals , Child , Dermatitis, Atopic/therapy , Female , Humans , Male , Mites , Poaceae , Pollen , Respiratory Hypersensitivity/therapy , Retrospective Studies , Skin Tests
5.
Rev Alerg Mex ; 50(2): 48-53, 2003.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12825488

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The increase of the atopical disorders can be partially explained by two factors, the infectious disease in developed and developing countries, and the changes in immunization programs, infections such as measles, whooping cough or tuberculosis can modify the immune response. Recent studies have demonstrated that an inverse relation could exist between the response to late cutaneus hypersensitivity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and atopic condition. Also, a strong positive response has been associated with low levels of IgE and Th1 cytokines. However some authors have not found positivity between low prevalence in allergic diseases and PPD. OBJECTIVE: To determine the reaction to PPD in children vaccinated with BCG at birth and its disorders. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The study sample included male and female children from 2 to 7 years old, vaccinated with BCG at birth, this fact was corroborated with the post vaccination scar. They had all been diagnosed with allergic disease with clinical compatible data, positive Prick test, elevated serum IgE, and absence of any associated immune deficiency. RESULTS: A total of 50 patients, with a mean age of 4.7 years (2.0 to 7.7 years) were studied. 72% (36) were males and 28% (14) females. Twenty-two percent had diagnosis of asthma, 8% allergic rhinitis, and 62% both diagnosis. The average diameter of tuberculin induration was of 5 mm; 5 patients (10%) had positive reaction (+10 mm); 23 patients (46%) were between 5-9 mm; 8 patients (16%) between 1-4 mm, and 14 of the patients (28%) without reactivity. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that the vaccination with BCG do not protect against the development of allergy, and the negative tuberculin response may mean a reduced cell response. So, it is necessary to assess the cell immunity and revaccination with BCG, with determination of immunological markers, before and after, such as IL 4, IL 2, INF and allergy symptoms.


Subject(s)
BCG Vaccine/immunology , Hypersensitivity, Delayed/immunology , Hypersensitivity, Immediate/immunology , Tuberculin Test , Tuberculin/immunology , Asthma/epidemiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Hypersensitivity, Immediate/epidemiology , Hypersensitivity, Immediate/prevention & control , Immunoglobulin E/blood , Incidence , Infant, Newborn , Male , Mexico/epidemiology , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology , Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/epidemiology , Skin Tests , Th1 Cells/immunology , Vaccination
6.
Rev Alerg Mex ; 50(6): 237-40, 2003.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14968989

ABSTRACT

Chronic granulomatous disease is a little common primary immunodeficiency affecting innate immune system. This article presents the case of an 8-year-old female patient whose disease started at three months of age with respiratory ways' infections. When she was two years old, she suffered another presentation of right basal pneumonia and right cervical mass, whose biopsy reported childhood chronic granulomatous disease. At eight years old, patient suffered bacteraemia due to Salmonella group D, thus patient started prophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and, to date, she has continued stable.


Subject(s)
Granulomatous Disease, Chronic , Child , Female , Granulomatous Disease, Chronic/diagnosis , Humans
7.
Rev Alerg Mex ; 50(6): 226-31, 2003.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14968987

ABSTRACT

Consequences of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children include reduced performance during day, behaviour problems, diurmal hypersomnia, psychomotor development delay, severe forms of cor pulmonale, systemic hypertension, growing delay and death. This paper describes the clinical case of a 3-year-old girl with perennial symptoms of nasal obstruction characterized by nocturnal snoring, oral breathing, nasal voice, sleep apnea, nasal pruritus and rhinorrhea. Her treatment is also described.


Subject(s)
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/therapy , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/diagnosis
8.
Rev Alerg Mex ; 49(4): 129-34, 2002.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12374046

ABSTRACT

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, with inherited predisposition. It has typical morphology and distribution. Patients generally can be controlled with the use of moisturizers and topical steroids. In severe cases, it is recommended the use of alternative management. Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressor drug which inhibit the expression of T activated cells. Many open and placebo-controlled trials have been made evaluating its use, efficacy and security, in adults and children. The results suggest an initial dose of 5-6 mg/kg per day and reducing the amount according to response (load dose and maintenance dose) at long term in order to reach complete remission after withdrawal of treatment and limit adverse effects, like renal toxicity and hypertension. The immunological changes in AD patients treated with cyclosporine include eosinophil count reduction, besides lower levels of E-selectin, and soluble CD30 (known as disease markers), but overall, it corrects the imbalance between Th1 and Th2 response present in these kinds of diseases.


Subject(s)
Cyclosporine/therapeutic use , Dermatitis, Atopic/drug therapy , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Adult , Child , Clinical Trials as Topic , Cyclosporine/adverse effects , Cyclosporine/pharmacology , Cytokines/metabolism , Humans , Immunosuppressive Agents/adverse effects , Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology , Kidney Diseases/chemically induced , Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects , Multicenter Studies as Topic , T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
9.
Rev Alerg Mex ; 49(3): 74-9, 2002.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12190002

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of food allergy depends on the feeding practices of different parts of the world. Peanuts and nuts cause a great part of allergies in the United States; in Spain and Portugal are commonly due to fish, milk; in Italy seafood and mustard in France. In Mexico we don't know the frequency of food allergy and involved groups of age or specific foods. OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of immediate hypersensitivity for foods in allergic children from Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study was performed between January 1995 to December 1999. The skin prick test (SPT) to food was reviewed according to Aas classification. Male and female from 12 months to 18 years old were reviewed. RESULTS: We documented 1,419 patients with allergy. Of them 442 (31%) had positive skin prick test (SPT) to some of the 33 tested foods. The average age of the study group was of 12.8 years. The most affected was from 4 to 7 years (49%); the second group from 1 to 3 years with 23.7%, and the third was from 12 to 17 years with 13.5%. Fish, milky, seafood, soy, beans, orange, onion, tomato, chicken, nut, lettuce and strawberry, were responsible for 58% of the total of allergic reactions. Of those fish, milk, seafood, soy and orange (39%) had the highest frequency. Hypersensitivity to several foods is low, finding just one allergen in 50% of the cases, two allergens in 25%, three allergens in 9%, four in 7%, five in 5% and more than 6 only in 3% of cases. CONCLUSION: We concluded that almost any kind of food reaction seen in our study was due to alimentary habits of different populations, socioeconomic status, and availability of foods. This indicates the diversity of costumes in Mexican people due to the wide geographical area and cultural background of our country. Results could be increased because of only 33 allergens were tested.


Subject(s)
Allergens , Food Hypersensitivity/epidemiology , Skin Tests , Adolescent , Animals , Asthma/epidemiology , Asthma/etiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Cross Reactions , Female , Food Hypersensitivity/diagnosis , Food Hypersensitivity/etiology , Hospitals, Pediatric/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Infant , Male , Meat/adverse effects , Mexico/epidemiology , Milk Hypersensitivity/diagnosis , Milk Hypersensitivity/epidemiology , Prevalence , Respiratory Hypersensitivity/epidemiology , Respiratory Hypersensitivity/etiology , Retrospective Studies , Seafood/adverse effects , Socioeconomic Factors , Vegetables/adverse effects
10.
Rev Alerg Mex ; 49(6): 171-5, 2002.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12561648

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Asthma is a multifactorial disease. Children with atopy history could be sensitized with indoor and food allergens from early stages of the life and this predispose to develop asthma. Controversy exists about the factors that increase or decrease the risk of disease, such as breast feeding, early weaning, smoking exposition, immunizations. OBJECTIVE: To determine if these risk factors and inhaled and food allergen sensitization predispose to asthma development. METHODS: A case-control study was performed. Cases (1 to 3 year-old 74 children) with asthma and control (74 healthy age-matched children) were included, r2 = 0.90. Skin-prick test (SPT) was performed by using indoor and food allergens. Test was considered positive if skin reaction was equal or higher than 3 mm. The results were compared by means of the x2 test. A logistic regression analysis was performed for obtaining odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval for each factor). RESULTS: Out of the SPT carried out with aero-allergens, 23 (31%) were positive in the two groups. Regarding the food, 27 cases (36.4%) and 15 controls (20.2%) were positive (x2 = 4.7); p < 0.05, OR = 2.2, IC 95% (1.6-3.1). Atopy was positive in 50 (67.5%) cases and 39 (52.7%) of the controls (x2 = 3.4); p < 0.05, OR 1.8 (1.3 to 2.5). The weaning before the first three months of life was positive in 44 (59.4%) of the cases against 15 (20.2%) of the controls (x2 = 23.7) p < 0.05 with a OR 5.7 (4.9 at 6.6). CONCLUSIONS: We found a probability 2.2 times higher for developing asthma when children were sensitive to at least one food. We also reported that 100% of our sensitized cases with food had received breast feeding during the first four months of life, which is similar to results of other authors where the breast feeding during an intermediate time (one to six months) does not protect against allergic disease. Early introduction of solid food (before the three months of age) was the main factor increasing probability for developing asthma. In our study, atopy almost duplicated this probability.


Subject(s)
Allergens/adverse effects , Asthma/etiology , Animals , Animals, Domestic , Asthma/epidemiology , Bedding and Linens , Breast Feeding , Case-Control Studies , Child, Preschool , Eosinophilia/epidemiology , Eosinophilia/etiology , Female , Food Hypersensitivity/epidemiology , Food Hypersensitivity/etiology , Humans , Humidity , Immunoglobulin E/blood , Infant , Infant Food/adverse effects , Male , Mexico/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Skin Tests , Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects
11.
Rev Alerg Mex ; 49(6): 196-9, 2002.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12561652

ABSTRACT

The food-induced eosinophilic proctocolitis is a major cause of blood-tinged stools and appears in the first two months of life. The infant is generally described as well, but the clinical features and laboratory results are often nonspecific. We present an early infant with fresh blood stools at 50 days. The colonoscopy and biopsy of the rectum and lower sigmoid revealed lymphoid nodular hyperplasia of the submucose and eosinophil infiltration (40 to 50 per high power field) of the lamina propria and intraepithelial. Elimination of the offending protein from the diet, through the use of an extensively hydrolyzed casein-based formula and soy, lead to clinical resolution of bleeding at 48 hours. We made a review of the case.


Subject(s)
Colitis/etiology , Eosinophilia/etiology , Food Hypersensitivity/complications , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/etiology , Infant Food/adverse effects , Proctitis/etiology , Food Hypersensitivity/diet therapy , Humans , Infant , Intestinal Mucosa/pathology , Male , Milk Proteins/administration & dosage , Pseudolymphoma/etiology , Pseudolymphoma/pathology , Soybean Proteins/administration & dosage
12.
Alergia (Méx.) ; 48(5): 129-132, sept.-oct. 2001. tab, CD-ROM
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-310729

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: las reacciones adversas a fármacos se han incrementado durante los últimos años, en cerca del 15 por ciento de esos efectos quizá haya una participación inmunológica de acuerdo con el mecanismo de daño involucrado de la clasificación de Gell y Coombs, que pueden ser tipo I (inmediatas), tipo II (citotóxica), tipo III (influidas por complejos inmunitarios), y tipo IV (retardada). La alergia a la insulina se define como una respuesta inmunológica tipo I y, en menor frecuencia, tipo II o III a las preparaciones de insulina exógena y ocurre del 0.1 al 0.2 por ciento de los pacientes. Pacientes: se comunica el caso de una paciente de 13 años de edad, con antecedentes de diabetes mellitus dependiente de insulina, con manifestaciones de hipersensibilidad a la insulina recombinante humana (exantema urticariforme y prurito generalizado) sin respuesta favorable a la terapia previa a la medicación e imposibilidad para utilizar un tratamiento alternativo para su control metabólico. Por esta razón se procedió a la desensibilización con insulina. Métodos: la prueba cutánea con insulina rápida fue positiva a una dilución 1:10, los anticuerpos específicos IgE para insulina resultaron negativos y la IgE total fue normal. La desensibilización se inició con insulina rápida, a una dilución de 1:1000 por vía intradérmica, posteriormente subcutánea hasta alcanzar la dosis acumulada necesaria para la paciente durante el día. En el transcurso del proceso apareció un exantema maculopapular y prurito generalizado que remitió con antihistamínicos intravenosos. Resultados: la paciente toleró la desensibilización muy bien. Los últimos 14 meses ha sido tratada con insulina recombinante humana administrada por vía subcutánea sin problemas. Discusión: la desensibilización a fármacos no es un procedimiento frecuente y sólo se debe utilizar cuando es imposible sustituir la terapéutica. Nuestra paciente quizá tuvo una reacción de hipersensibilidad tipo I a insulina; sin embargo, no se puede descartar una reacción citotóxica influida por anticuerpos IgG o IgM o por complejos inmunitarios. La desensibilización fue bien tolerada y 14 meses después la paciente ha tolerado en forma adecuada su dosis diaria de insulina recombinante humana.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Desensitization, Immunologic , Diabetes Mellitus , DNA, Recombinant , Insulin , Hypersensitivity, Immediate
13.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 58(9): 635-640, sept. 2001. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-309659

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Se ha demostrado que los alergenos de cucaracha sensibilizan a los niños atópicos y frecuentemente predisponen al desarrollo de asma grave a temprana edad. Objetivo: evaluar los cambios tempranos como tardíos sobre el volumen espiratorio forzado (VEF1) y flujo espiratorio máximo (FEM) en niños con alergia respiratoria y prueba cutánea (PC) positiva a antígeno de cucaracha.Material y métodos. Estudio prospectivo longitudinal cruzado doble ciego controlado en niños de 6 a 16 años de edad con un VEF1 y FEM basal mayor de 80 por ciento de su predicho y PC positiva exclusivamente a Blattella germanica (Bg) y/o Periplaneta americana (Pa). En diferentes momentos se midió el VEF1 y FEM antes de la PC con Ba y/o Pa, o con placebo (solución glicerinada) y se realizaron espirometrías y flujimetrías a los 15 min 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 y 48 horas. Análisis estadístico: se utilizó t de Student para muestras pareadas.Resultados. Se estudiaron 30 pacientes con PC positiva a alergeno de cucaracha: 21 hombres y 9 mujeres; 20 presentaron PC positiva a Bg y Pa, 8 a Bg y 2 a Pa. Catorce de 30 pacientes presentaron caída del VEF1 a los 15 min, 13 de ellos la presentaron también a las 6, 12 y 24 horas después de la PC con antígeno. Sólo 3 pacientes presentaron esa caída a los 15 min de la prueba con placebo. En todas las mediciones del grupo estudiado con alergeno de cucaracha se encontró caída del VEF1 mayor de 15 por ciento (P=0.02). En el FEM no se encontró diferencia estadística significativa en ninguno de los grupos (P=0.5).Conclusiones. La medición del VEF1 fue más eficaz para detectar caídas, tanto tempranas como tardías. Por el contrario el FEM no fue sensible para detectar cambios en la función pulmonar después de reto cutáneo con alergenos de cucaracha.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Periplaneta , Forced Expiratory Volume , Maximal Expiratory Flow Rate , Cockroaches , Hypersensitivity , Asthma , Allergens , Respiratory Physiological Phenomena , Skin Tests
14.
Alergia (Méx.) ; 47(3): 60-3, mar.-abr. 2000. tab, CD-ROM
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-292143

ABSTRACT

El asma es una de las enfermedades crónicas más frecuentes de los niños. Se caracteriza por hiperreactividad de las vías aéreas a estímulos inespecíficos (metacolina e histamina) y específicos (alergenos). Las pruebas broncodinámicas determinan la broncolabilidad del niño asmático y ayudan a establecer el diagnóstico funcional. Deben realizarse con extractos antigénicos de alta calidad, acuosos liofilizados y estandarizados; se puede utilizar un circuito abierto o cerrado y un dosímetro, la dosis inicial del alergeno es más baja que con la que se obtuvo la reactividad cutánea positiva, realizando incrementos sucesivos hasta que el VEF-1 descienda 15 por ciento o más. La seguridad del paciente es fundamental, por eso las pruebas debe realizarlas personal especialmente adiestrado.


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Asthma/immunology , Bronchial Hyperreactivity/diagnosis , Bronchial Hyperreactivity/physiopathology , Bronchial Provocation Tests , Allergens/administration & dosage , Desensitization, Immunologic
15.
Alergia (Méx.) ; 47(3): 62-6, mar.-abr. 2000. CD-ROM
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-292146

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: el broncoespasmo inducido por ejercicio, también llamado asma por ejercicio, es una afección frecuente que acompaña comúnmente al paciente asmático. Su frecuencia es de alrededor del 80 al 90 por ciento para los pacientes con asma; se presenta en 40 al 50 por ciento de los niños con rinitis alérgica, en 14 por ciento de los atletas y en 12 por ciento de la población en general. Objetivo: determinar la eficacia de una rutina de calentamiento como agente preventivo del broncoespasmo inducido por ejercicio. Método: se incluyeron 30 pacientes de entre 10 y 16 años de edad, asmáticos y con broncoespasmo inducido por ejercicio diagnosticado mediante prueba de reto al ejercicio. Todos los pacientes realizaron una rutina de ejercicio con duración de 20 minutos durante los cuales se efectuaron movimientos de elasticidad, calistenia y actividad leve dirigida al ejercicio a desarrollar, tomando como parámetro objetivo el 60 por ciento de la frecuencia cardiaca submáxima. Enseguida, todos los pacientes realizaron nuevamente reto al ejercicio, en la que se utilizó una banda sinfín, con velocidades que se incrementaron progresivamente de 1 a 8 km/h y con inclinación de 0 - 10 0. Los registros espirométricos se efectuaron antes del reto y a los 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 y 60 minutos después del mismo. Resultados: el promedio de edad de los pacientes fue de 12.8 ñ 2 años con talla de 157 ñ 10 cm. Conclusión: el calentamiento en niños con broncoespasmo inducido por ejercicio actúa como un agente protector contra el decremento del VEF-1. Si bien el calentamiento puede ser un buen método de control en el paciente asmático, es necesario tener en cuenta que no todos los pacientes tienen un beneficio con dicha protección.Éste sólo puede utilizarse en pacientes con actividad física programada, ya que en los preescolares no es posible implantar una rutina de calentamiento por las características propias de su actividad.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Asthma, Exercise-Induced/complications , Asthma, Exercise-Induced/diagnosis , Forced Expiratory Volume , Exercise Test/adverse effects
16.
Alergia (Méx.) ; 47(1): 3-11, ene.-feb. 2000. tab, graf, CD-ROM
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-280364

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: la hipersensibilidad inmediata mediada por IgE representa el mecanismo de daño tipo 1 según la clasificación original de Gell y Coombs. Material y método: estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal en el que se revisaron los expedientes de 1250 pacientes del Servicio de Alergia del Hospital Infantil de México con diagnóstico de rinitis alérgica; asma; asma y rinitis alérgica. Resultados: de los 1250 pacientes estudiados 468 fueron del sexo femenino (37.44 por ciento) y 782 (62.58 por ciento) del masculino con una edad media en ambos casos de 7.9 ñ3.5 DE. En cuanto al resultado de las pruebas cutáneas 154 (12.32 por ciento) fueron negativos y 1096 (87.68 por ciento) positivos a uno o más antígenos. Conclusiones: los resultados obtenidos señalan la importancia de realizar mayor número de estudios que relacionen no sólo los porcentajes de positividad en la determinación de hipersensibilidad inmediata, sino también en la frecuencia de pólenes en el medio en el que se desenvuelve el paciente, junto con las épocas de polinización a lo largo de la República Mexicana, en la población pediátrica y de adultos, para efectuar pruebas cutáneas seleccionadas según la zona e instituir un tratamiento específico y adecuado para cada paciente.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Hypersensitivity, Immediate/diagnosis , Pollen/adverse effects , Hypersensitivity/diagnosis , Mexico , Skin Tests/methods
17.
Alergia (Méx.) ; 46(6): 171-5, nov.-dic. 1999. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-276584

ABSTRACT

Las sibilancias son un síntoma común en lactantes, especialmente cuando padecen infecciones del aparato respiratorio. Son comunes en 75 a 85 por ciento de los niños, quienes tienen sibilancias durante alguna etapa de su desarrollo entre los 2 a 5 años de edad. Pueden relacionarse con tabaquismo materno durante el embarazo, exposición al humo del tabaco en la etapa posterior al nacimiento, exposición a factores ambientales y ciertas infecciones virales. Las sibilancias en pacientes con atopia quizá se relacionen con una IgE dos desviaciones estándar por arriba de lo normal y persistan como asma en etapas tardías. La sibilancia es una afección sindromática por lo que es obligatorio buscar el factor desencadenante para llegar a un diagnóstico definitivo


Subject(s)
Asthma/diagnosis , Infant , Respiratory Sounds/diagnosis , Respiratory Sounds/physiopathology , Risk Factors
18.
Alergia (Méx.) ; 46(4): 136-9, jul.-ago. 1999.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-258938

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Determinar la obstrucción del flujo aéreo por flujimetría posterior a la aplicación de pruebas cutáneas específicas (dermathophagoides pteronisinnus), en niños sensibles a éste. Material y método. Se estudiaron 44 pacientes de uno y otro sexo con diagnóstico de asma y antecedente de sensibilidad al ácaro Dermathophagoides pteronisinnus mediante pruebas cutáneas por prick, con una edad promedio de 6 a 16 años, captados de la consulta externa del servicio de alergia del Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez. Es un estudio longitudinal, prospectivo, ciego cruzado, en el que previamente se hizo una prueba de reto con antígeno estandarizado de Dermatophagoides pteronisinnus o glicerina, previa lectura de flujimetría. Resultados. De los pacientes retados con antígeno en 23 hubo descenso del flujo espiratorio máximo, con una p<0.05, pero sin significado clínico. Cuando se retaron con placebo sólo disminuyó en siete pacientes el flujo espiratorio máximo, también estadísticamente significativo, pero sin relevancia clínica. Conclusión. Las pruebas cutáneas son una herramienta útil en alergia y seguras, pues casi no producen reacciones sistémicas graves


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Forced Expiratory Flow Rates , Hypersensitivity/physiopathology , Mites , Skin Tests
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