Does high fat diet effect the bone-implant connection?

OBJECTIVE: Obesity induced by a high fat diet is associated with chronic up-regulation of inflammatory cytokines which stimulate osteoclast activity and bone resorption. However, the role of high-fat diet on bone-implant connectivity has not been studied in detail. In this study, we investigated whether a high-fat diet (HFD) affects bone implant connection (BIC) in periimplant bone. METHODS: Twenty female Sprague Dawley rats were divided in two groups: 1) Control rats were fed with normal chow and titanium implants were integrated into tibial bones at the end of 3rd month and no treatment was applied 2) HFD group; rats were fed a high-fat diet (42 % of calories as fat), then the titanium implants were integrated into tibial bones at the end 3rd month. Following surgical integration of the implants, the rats were fed with control and HFD diets for 3 months. After the 6 months experimental period all rats were sacrificed and the implants and surrounded bone tissues were collected and the BIC was assessed histomorphometrically after the non-decalcifiing histological methods. Bone implant connection was detected with the ratio of the implant surface directly connected with the peri-implant bone tissues to the total implant surface length. RESULTS: Histologic analysis showed that HFD was not impaired BIC (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, within the limitation of this research, HFD did not effect the BIC rat tibias (Tab. 2, Fig. 2, Ref. 26). Text in PDF www.elis.sk.

Evaluation of patient perceptions after frenectomy operations: A comparison of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser and conventional techniques in the same patients.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to compare the level of postoperative discomfort between labial frenectomy done by neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd: YAG) laser and the conventional technique and evaluate the differences in the levels of postoperative pain and functional complications such as eating and speaking between these two methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty patients requiring labial frenectomy in both jaws were included in the study. One side of each patient was treated with laser, whereas the other side was treated with the conventional technique and all surgeries were performed by the same surgeon. Postoperative pain and functional complications were evaluated for each patient and recorded using a visual analog scale on the operation day and postoperative 1, 3, 7 and 10 days. RESULTS: The results indicated that patients treated with the Nd: YAG laser had lower levels of postoperative pain and were more comfortable while chewing and speaking at the operation day and postoperative 1st day (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that Nd: YAG laser application during oral soft-tissue surgery provides better patient perceptions and less postoperative pain compared to conventional surgery.

Consanguinity increases the risk for aggressive periodontitis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Genetic predisposition is an important factor for developing aggressive periodontitis (AgP); however, previous studies only focused on individual families where consanguineous marriages have not been considered. Thus, there is a debate in the understanding of the genetic features of this disease. The present study aims to compare the genetic features of AgP in individuals with and without history of consanguineous marriages. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-three probands from 16 pedigrees with history of consanguineous marriage and 17 pedigrees without history of consanguineous marriage were analyzed in terms of heritability of AgP. Detailed clinical evaluations of the probands showing their periodontal health and their family medical histories were obtained. The gingival index, plaque index, bleeding on probing, suppuration, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level data were analyzed and compared between groups. The gender differences were also taken into account to determine the mode of inheritance of AgP. RESULTS: The gingival index, bleeding on probing, suppuration, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level scores were significantly different between the affected and unaffected groups for both genders, which were consistent with the diagnosis of AgP. Strikingly, when the consanguineous group and the non-consanguineous group were compared, the siblings of the consanguineous group displayed approximately 8 times more prevalence of AgP (15.15%) compared to the siblings of the probands in the non-consanguineous group (1.89%) (P = .022). In addition, the mode of transmission of the disease was found to fit better to the autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. CONCLUSION: Current findings indicate that AgP is segregated on autosomal chromosomes and consanguineous marriage increases the likelihood of developing this disease.

The histopathological and morphometric investigation of the effects of systemically administered humic acid on alveolar bone loss in ligature-induced periodontitis in rats.

BACKGROUND: Humic acid is a soil extract found widely around the world. This product includes some trace elements important for human's health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the morphometric and histopathological changes associated with an experimental periodontitis model in rats in response to systemic administration of humic acid. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into five experimental groups: non-ligated (NL, n = 6) group; ligature-only (LO, n = 8) group; ligature + systemic administration of humic acid (20, 80 and 150 mg/kg body weight per day for 15 d respectively) (S-20, S-80 and S-150) groups. 4/0 silk ligatures were placed at the gingival margin of lower first molars of the mandibular quadrant. The animals were killed at the end of 15 d. Changes in alveolar bone levels were clinically measured, using a stereomicroscope (× 25), as the distance from the cementoenamel junction to the alveolar bone crest. Tissues were histopathologically examined to assess the differences of osteoclast numbers, osteoblastic activity and inflammatory cell infiltration among the study groups. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay interleukin (IL)-1ß and IL-10 levels in serum and gingival homogenates were evaluated. RESULTS: At the end of 15 d, the alveolar bone loss was significantly higher in the LO group compared to the NL, S-80 and S-150 groups (p < 0.05). In addition, the alveolar bone loss in the S-80 group was significantly lower than the LO and S-20 groups (p < 0.05). The osteoblastic activity in the S-80 and S-150 groups was significantly higher than the other groups (p < 0.05). The osteoclast number in the LO group was significantly higher than the NL, S-80 and S-150 groups (p < 0.05). Inflammatory cell infiltration was significantly higher in LO and S-20 groups than the other groups (p < 0.05). The highest serum and gingival homogenate IL-10 levels were determined in the S-80 group (p < 0.05). The serum and gingival homogenate IL-1ß levels in the LO group were significantly higher than the other groups (p < 0.05). Both 80 and 150 mg/kg dosages of humic acid significantly reduced the periodontitis-related bone loss and inflammation, but the differences between these two groups were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Within the limits of this study, it can be suggested that humic acid, when administered systemically as an 80 mg/kg dose, may prevent alveolar bone loss and reduce inflammation in the rat model.

Postoperative discomfort after Nd:YAG laser and conventional frenectomy: comparison of both genders.

BACKGROUND: Evidence has suggested that males and females experience and report feeling pain differently. The aim of this study was to determine the postoperative perception levels of both females and males after neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser frenectomy and conventional frenectomy, and to compare the perceptions between genders. METHODS: Eighty-nine patients requiring frenectomy were randomly assigned to have treatment with either the conventional frenectomy or with the Nd:YAG laser. Postoperative discomfort (pain, chewing, talking) was recorded using a visual analog scale (VAS) on the operation day and postoperative days 1, 3, 7 and 10. RESULTS: According to the female VAS scores of the pain, chewing and speaking discomfort were statistically higher in the conventional group than those of the laser group on the operation day, and on the first and third postoperative days. Pain discomfort in males was statistically higher in the conventional group than those of the laser group on the operation day. Speaking discomfort in males was statistically higher in the conventional group than those of the laser group on the operation day and the first postoperative day. CONCLUSIONS: The present study indicated that Nd:YAG laser treatment used for frenectomies provides better postoperative comfort for each gender, especially in females in terms of pain, chewing and speaking than the conventional procedure up to the seventh postoperative day. According to our results, Nd:YAG laser may provide a safe, bloodless, painless surgery and an impressive alternative for frenectomy operations.