Effects of Anatolian Propolis and Hypertonic Saline Combination Nasal Spray on Allergic Rhinitis Symptoms: A Prospective, Multicenter Study.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate how Rhinapi nasal spray affects symptoms of allergic rhinitis. Methods: In this prospective, multicenter, observational study, 10,000 patients (comprising 5028 males and 4972 females) exhibiting symptoms of allergic rhinitis (namely, nasal discharge, sneezing, nasal itching, and nasal obstruction) from different centers in different regions of Turkey were enrolled in the study between March 2022 and March 2023. All the patients wanted to participate in the study and were administered Rhinapi one puff to each nostril three times a day, for a period of 3 weeks. Total symptom scores, quality of life (QoL) scores, and otolaryngological examination scores were evaluated before and 3 weeks after treatment. Results: The scores for discharge from the nose, sneezing, nasal pruritus, and blockage of the nose all indicated improvement when compared to pre-medication and post-medication. This difference achieved statistical significance (P < .001). The mean total symptom score fell following treatment (P < .001): whilst the score was 11.09 ± 3.41 before administering Rhinapi; after administration, the average score was 6.23 ± 2.41. The mean QoL scores also altered after medication (P < .001), improving from a mean value of 6.44 ± 1.55 to a mean of 7.31 ± 1.24. Significant improvement was also noted in the scores for conchal color and degree of edema after the treatment had been administered (P < .001). Conclusion: The study demonstrates that Rhinapi nasal spray decreases total symptom scores, and results in improved QoL and otolaryngological examination scores. Propolis spray may be recommended for patients with allergic rhinitis alongside other treatments.

How do different climatic conditions affect the quality of life of patients following septoplasty or septorhinoplasty?

OBJECTIVES: The effects of different climatic conditions on the quality of life (QoL) of patients following septoplasty or septorhinoplasty were investigated. METHODS: A total of 89 patients (47 males and 42 females) underwent either septoplasty or septorhinoplasty during the summer (summer group, n = 42) or winter (winter group, n = 47) season. To assess QoL, SinoNasal Outcome Test (SNOT)-22, Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scale, and Visual Analogue Scale were used. Postoperative (PO) pain, bleeding, and symptoms related to nasal packing (eating and sleep problems) were also evaluated. RESULTS: PO pain scores were lower in the winter group than that in the summer group (p<0.05). After pack removal, there was a slight serohemorrhagic nasal discharge in 2.1% of the patients in the winter group, but no patient required intervention. Slight leakage was detected in 47.6% of the patients and 2.4% of the patients called for intervention (p<0.05) in the summer group. The SNOT-22 values did not differ between the groups (p>0.05). NOSE scores in the winter group were higher than that in the summer group (p<0.05). In each group, SNOT-22 (padjusted<0.175) and NOSE scores (p<0.05) were lower at 1 month after surgery. The winter group patients rated headache, facial pain, and nasal crusting higher than those in the summer group did (p<0.05). However, nasal discharge and loss of smell were less troubling in the summer group than that in the winter group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Regardless of climate or season, septoplasty or septorhinoplasty increases patients' QoL. However, problematic PO bleeding was detected at a higher frequency in patients who underwent surgery in summer. The advantage of surgery in winter is that it leads to less frequent problematic bleeding PO.

The Comparison of Conventional Osteotomes and Magic Saws in Terms of Edema and Ecchymosis After Rhinoplasty.

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to compare conventional osteotomes and Magic Saws in terms of edema and ecchymosis, in rhinoplasty patients. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective, case-control study. METHODS: In this prospective, randomized study, we evaluated the results of 258 rhinoplasty patients who underwent osteotomy by either conventional osteotomes or new designed saws called; "Magic Saws." On postoperative days 2 and 7, the patients were photographed by the surgeon; photographs were evaluated by another otolaryngologist, blinded from the osteotomy procedure. RESULTS: There were no statistically differences between the groups, in terms of age, sex, weight, or average arterial blood pressure (P > 0.05). The postoperative periorbital edema (days 2 and 7) and ecchymosis (day 2) scores were significantly higher in the conventional osteotomy group, as compared to Magic Saw group (P < 0.05). However, on postoperative day 7, the differences in the periorbital ecchymosis scores between the groups, were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: As compared to conventional osteotomes, Magic Saws were reported to be associated with minimal soft tissue injury, as well as decreased edema and ecchymosis, in the early postoperative period after rhinoplasty.

The role of CSE1L expression in cervical lymph node metastasis of larynx tumors / O papel da expressão de CSE1L na metástase em linfonodos cervicais de tumores laríngeos

Abstract Introduction: According to international reports, 30-40% of all head and neck cancers are larynx cancers, comprising 1-2.5% of all cancer types. Cervical nodal involvement has been reported to be 40% and 65% in T3 and T4 cases, respectively. Five-year survival in patients with cervical lymph node metastasis has been demonstrated to be 50% lower compared to patients with no metastasis. Chromosome segregation like 1 protein; is a DNA fragment isolated by Brinkmann et al. in 1995 that corresponds to yeast chromosome segregation protein. Studies on the effect of chromosome segregation like 1 protein expression in head and neck tumors are rare and it has been shown that nuclear chromosome segregation like 1 protein is over-expressed in these studies where gastrointestinal and breast tumors over-expressed cytoplasmic chromosome segregation like 1 protein. Objective: Chromosome segregation like 1 protein may regulate the proliferation and metastasis of T3-T4 glottic larynx cancer. The aim of this study is to show the relationship between chromosome segregation like 1 protein expression and cervical lymph node metastasis of T3-T4 glottic larynx cancer. Methods: A total of 57 male patients who were operated for T3-T4 glottic cancer in a tertiary referral hospital was included in this study. There were 28 patients with cervical lymph node metastasis and 29 patients without lymph node metastasis. Immunohistochemistry was carried out on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival glottic larynx tumour tissue. According to the percentage of immunoreactive cells, chromosome segregation like 1 protein status was analyzed. Results: Among the patients, who had no cervical lymph node metastasis, 15 patients showed weak nuclear staining, 12 patients showed moderate nuclear staining and only 2 patients showed high nuclear staining for chromosome segregation like 1 protein. Among the patients who had cervical lymph node metastasis, 18 patients showed high nuclear staining, 9 patients showed moderate staining and only one patient showed weak staining for chromosome segregation like 1 protein. None of the metastatic patients showed cytoplasmic staining and only one patient in the non-metastatic group showed cytoplasmic staining for chromosome segregation like 1 protein. There was a positive correlation between nuclear chromosome segregation like 1 protein expression and cervical lymph node metastasis (r = 0,668) and it was statistically significant (p < 0,001). Conclusion: Chromosome segregation like 1 protein expression is correlated with lymph node metastasis in T3-T4 glottic cancers. This may change the approach to cervical node treatment in patients with glottic cancers in future.

Resumo Introdução: De acordo com relatos internacionais, 30% a 40% de todos os casos de câncer de cabeça e pescoço são na laringe, compreendem 1% a 2,5% de todos os tipos de câncer. O envolvimento linfonodal cervical foi relatado em 40% e 65% nos casos T3 e T4, respectivamente. A sobrevida em cinco anos em pacientes com metástase linfonodal cervical demonstrou ser 50% menor em comparação com os pacientes sem metástase. A proteína chromosome seg-regation like 1 é um fragmento de DNA isolado por Brinkmann et al. em 1995 que corresponde à proteína de segregação cromossômica de levedura. Estudos sobre o efeito da expressão da proteína chromosome segregation like 1 em tumores de cabeça e pescoço são raros e os poucos estudos demonstram que a proteína chromosome segregation like 1 nuclear é superexpressa no núcleo, enquanto tumores gastrointestinais e de mama superexpressam a proteína chromosome segregation like 1 citoplasmática. Objetivo: A proteína chromosome segregation like 1 pode regular a proliferação e metástase do câncer glótico de laringe T3-T4. O objetivo deste estudo é mostrar a relação entre a expressão da proteína chromosome segregation like 1 em metástase de linfonodo cervical no câncer glótico de laringe T3-T4. Método: Foram incluídos neste estudo 57 pacientes do sexo masculino submetidos a cirurgias por câncer glótico T3-T4 em um hospital terciário. Havia 28 pacientes com metástase de linfonodos cervicais e 29 pacientes sem metástase linfonodal. A análise imunohistoquímica foi realizada em tecido de tumor glótico de laringe embebido em parafina e fixado em formol. De acordo com a porcentagem de células imunorreativas, analisou-se a expressão da proteína chromosome segregation like 1. Resultados: Entre os pacientes, que não tinham metástase linfonodal cervical, 15 apresentaram coloração nuclear fraca, 12 apresentaram coloração nuclear moderada e apenas 2 apresentaram coloração nuclear elevada para proteína chromosome segregation like 1. Entre os pacientes que apresentavam metástase linfonodal cervical, 18 pacientes apresentaram coloração nuclear elevada, 9 apresentaram coloração moderada e apenas um paciente apresentou coloração fraca. Nenhum dos pacientes com metástase apresentou coloração citoplasmática e apenas um paciente no grupo não-metastático mostrou coloração citoplasmática para a proteína chromosome segregation like 1. Houve uma correlação positiva entre a expressão nuclear da proteína chromosome segregation like 1 e a metástase de linfonodo cervical (r = 0,668), que foi estatisticamente significante (p < 0,001). Conclusão: A expressão da proteína chromosome segregation like 1 está correlacionada com metástases linfonodais em casos de câncer glótico T3-T4 e isso pode mudar a abordagem do tratamento cervical de câncer glótico no futuro.

The role of CSE1L expression in cervical lymph node metastasis of larynx tumors.

INTRODUCTION: According to international reports, 30-40% of all head and neck cancers are larynx cancers, comprising 1-2.5% of all cancer types. Cervical nodal involvement has been reported to be 40% and 65% in T3 and T4 cases, respectively. Five-year survival in patients with cervical lymph node metastasis has been demonstrated to be 50% lower compared to patients with no metastasis. Chromosome segregation like 1 protein; is a DNA fragment isolated by Brinkmann et al. in 1995 that corresponds to yeast chromosome segregation protein. Studies on the effect of chromosome segregation like 1 protein expression in head and neck tumors are rare and it has been shown that nuclear chromosome segregation like 1 protein is over-expressed in these studies where gastrointestinal and breast tumors over-expressed cytoplasmic chromosome segregation like 1 protein. OBJECTIVE: Chromosome segregation like 1 protein may regulate the proliferation and metastasis of T3-T4 glottic larynx cancer. The aim of this study is to show the relationship between chromosome segregation like 1 protein expression and cervical lymph node metastasis of T3-T4 glottic larynx cancer. METHODS: A total of 57 male patients who were operated for T3-T4 glottic cancer in a tertiary referral hospital was included in this study. There were 28 patients with cervical lymph node metastasis and 29 patients without lymph node metastasis. Immunohistochemistry was carried out on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival glottic larynx tumour tissue. According to the percentage of immunoreactive cells, chromosome segregation like 1 protein status was analyzed. RESULTS: Among the patients, who had no cervical lymph node metastasis, 15 patients showed weak nuclear staining, 12 patients showed moderate nuclear staining and only 2 patients showed high nuclear staining for chromosome segregation like 1 protein. Among the patients who had cervical lymph node metastasis, 18 patients showed high nuclear staining, 9 patients showed moderate staining and only one patient showed weak staining for chromosome segregation like 1 protein. None of the metastatic patients showed cytoplasmic staining and only one patient in the non-metastatic group showed cytoplasmic staining for chromosome segregation like 1 protein. There was a positive correlation between nuclear chromosome segregation like 1 protein expression and cervical lymph node metastasis (r = 0,668) and it was statistically significant (p < 0,001). CONCLUSION: Chromosome segregation like 1 protein expression is correlated with lymph node metastasis in T3-T4 glottic cancers. This may change the approach to cervical node treatment in patients with glottic cancers in future.

Histopathological changes in parotid gland following submandibular gland failure: an experimental animal study / Alterações histopatológicas na glândula parótida após insuficiência da glândula submandibular: estudo experimental em animais

Abstract Introduction: Submandibular glands are exposed to many effects due to diseases and therapeutic interventions. A study evaluating the effect of submandibular gland dysfunction on the parotid gland has not been presented in the literature. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the histopathological changes in the parotid gland following submandibular gland failure. Methods: Three groups of seven randomly selected female New Zealand rabbits weighing 2500-3000 g were studied. Unilateral and bilateral submandibular glands were removed in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. No procedure was performed in Group III, the control group. The parotid glands were removed 30 days later. Histological parameters were evaluated and graded between 0 (none) and 3 (severe). Differences between groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Mean mucus accumulation in acinar cells was 2.57 ± 0.53 and 1.71 ± 0.75 in Groups 1 and 2, respectively (p < 0.05). This value was 0.57 ± 0.53 in Group 3, which was significantly lower than in Groups 1 and 2 (p < 0.05). Mean dilatation of the intercalated ducts' lumen was 1.28 ± 0.48 and 1.57 ± 0.53 in Groups 1 and 2, respectively (p > 0.05). This value was 0.28 ± 0.48 in Group 3, which was significantly lower than in Groups 1 and 2 (p < 0.05). Mean mucus accumulation in the intercalated ducts' lumen was 2.00 ± 0.81 and 1.00 ± 0.57 in Groups 2 and 3, respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that only 1 month after submandibular gland failure, the parotid glands exhibit significant changes.

Resumo Introdução: As glândulas submandibulares estão expostas a muitos efeitos causados por doenças e intervenções terapêuticas. Estudos que avaliam o efeito da disfunção da glândula submandibular na glândula parótida ainda não foram reportados na literatura. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as alterações histopatológicas na glândula parótida após insuficiência da glândula submandibular. Método: Três grupos de sete coelhas fêmeas da raça Nova Zelândia, selecionadas aleatoriamente, pesando entre 2.500 e 3.000 gramas foram estudadas. As glândulas submandibulares unilaterais e bilaterais foram removidas nos Grupos 1 e 2, respectivamente. Nenhum procedimento foi realizado no Grupo III, o grupo controle. As glândulas parótidas foram removidas 30 dias depois. Os parâmetros histológicos foram avaliados e classificados entre 0 (nenhum) e 3 (grave). As diferenças entre os grupos foram comparadas usando o teste U de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: O acúmulo médio de muco nas células acinares foi de 2,57 ± 0,53 e 1,71 ± 0,75 nos Grupos 1 e 2, respectivamente (p < 0,05). Esse valor foi de 0,57 ± 0,53 no Grupo 3, significativamente menor do que nos Grupos 1 e 2 (p < 0,05). A dilatação média do lúmen dos dutos intercalados foi de 1,28 ± 0,48 e 1,57 ± 0,53 nos Grupos 1 e 2, respectivamente (p > 0,05). Esse valor foi de 0,28 ± 0,48 no Grupo 3, significativamente menor do que nos Grupos 1 e 2 (p < 0,05). O acúmulo médio de muco no lúmen dos dutos intercalados foi 2,00 ± 0,81 e 1,00 ± 0,57 nos Grupos 2 e 3, respectivamente (p < 0,05). Conclusão: Os achados deste estudo indicam que apenas um mês após a insuficiência da glândula submandibular as glândulas parótidas apresentam alterações significativas.

The Effect of Anchoring the Columellar Strut Graft to the Lateral Crural Steal Suture in Patients With a Low Nasal Tip: A New Technique.

OBJECTIVE: The achievement of consistently superior results in rhinoplasty is difficult. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of anchoring the columellar strut graft to the thread of the lateral crural steal for nasal tip projection and rotation. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective, case-control study. METHODS: Two groups were created which consisted of patients who had a history of low nasal tip deformity according to the type of nasal tip surgery in rhinoplasty. In group 1, the lateral crural steal technique with the strut graft was used, whereas in group 2, a new technique, in which the strut graft was anchored to the thread of the lateral crural steal, was used. Patients with low nasal tip deformity due to intrinsic factors such as long lateral crura were included. The effects of the 2 different surgical approaches on facial parameters (the nasolabial angle, nasofacial angle, and Goode ratio) were statistically compared using the Mann-Whitney U test and Student t test, as applicable. RESULTS: Sixty patients were enrolled: half of them were included in group 1 and the other half in group 2. Average postoperative increases of the nasolabial angle score were 10.9 ±â€Š4.72° and 18.76 ±â€Š6.30° in groups 1 and 2, respectively (P < 0.001). Average improvements of the nasofacial angle were 2.33 ±â€Š2.12° and 3.50 ±â€Š2.44° in groups 1 and 2, respectively (P = 0.053). Average postoperative increases of the Goode ratio were 0.02 ±â€Š0.02 in group 1 and 0.04 ±â€Š0.03 in group 2 (P = 0.028). CONCLUSION: The new technique provided a prominent nasal cephalic rotation with a strong effect on the nasolabial angle and a partial effect on nasal projection.

Histopathological changes in parotid gland following submandibular gland failure: an experimental animal study.

INTRODUCTION: Submandibular glands are exposed to many effects due to diseases and therapeutic interventions. A study evaluating the effect of submandibular gland dysfunction on the parotid gland has not been presented in the literature. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the histopathological changes in the parotid gland following submandibular gland failure. METHODS: Three groups of seven randomly selected female New Zealand rabbits weighing 2500-3000g were studied. Unilateral and bilateral submandibular glands were removed in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. No procedure was performed in Group III, the control group. The parotid glands were removed 30 days later. Histological parameters were evaluated and graded between 0 (none) and 3 (severe). Differences between groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: Mean mucus accumulation in acinar cells was 2.57±0.53 and 1.71±0.75 in Groups 1 and 2, respectively (p<0.05). This value was 0.57±0.53 in Group 3, which was significantly lower than in Groups 1 and 2 (p<0.05). Mean dilatation of the intercalated ducts' lumen was 1.28±0.48 and 1.57±0.53 in Groups 1 and 2, respectively (p>0.05). This value was 0.28±0.48 in Group 3, which was significantly lower than in Groups 1 and 2 (p<0.05). Mean mucus accumulation in the intercalated ducts' lumen was 2.00±0.81 and 1.00±0.57 in Groups 2 and 3, respectively (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicate that only 1 month after submandibular gland failure, the parotid glands exhibit significant changes.

Association Between Anxiety, Depression, and Salivary Cortisol Levels in Patients with Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis.

OBJECTIVE: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is the most common ulcerative disease of the oral mucosa that commonly affects the general population. The objective of this study was to conduct a research in assesing the relationship between psychological disorders including anxiety, depression and salivary cortisol levels in patients with RAS. METHODS: Thirty-nine patients suffering from minor RAS were enrolled in the study after obtaining an informed consent. The control group consisted of 25 age and gender matched healthy individuals. All subjects were evaluated by using both psychological tests (Hamilton's anxiety rating scale [HARS] and Hamilton's depression rating scale [HDRS]) and physiological testing instrument (salivary cortisol level). RESULTS: While no statistical difference was found between the patients with RAS and controls for both salivary cortisol levels and anxiety, there was statisticaly significant difference between the groups for depression. CONCLUSION: There was no significant increase in salivary cortisol levels in patients with active disease when compared to the healthy subjects. But we found that depression scale values were significantly higher in patients with RAS.

Effect of Suturation Plus Surgicel Application on Post-Tonsillectomy Bleeding and Pain.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of suturation (tonsillary fossa closure) plus Surgicel application on postoperative bleeding and pain after tonsillectomies performed using a classical dissection method. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, clinical trial was performed on 760 patients undergoing tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy during a 5-year period. METHODS: After excluding patients with hemorrhagic disorder, chronic disease, and peritonsillar abscess, both tonsils were removed via classic dissection technique (cold knife or blunt dissection) and then electrocauterized for hemostasis. The tonsillar fossa randomly assigned to the treatment protocol (Group 1) was closed by sutures, following Surgicel application. The other side was unaltered and acted as the control (Group 2). Pain was evaluated every day for 10 days postoperatively, and bleeding was reported at any time. RESULTS: A total of 760 patients (393 males, 367 females) between the ages of 4 and 35 years (mean age 13.46 ±â€Š7.98) were included in the study. Bleeding was observed in 31 patients: 8 from Group 1; and 23 from Group 2 (95% confidence interval [CI], P < 0.05). The average pain score was greater in Group 1 than in Group 2 on each postoperative day (95% CI, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Suturation plus Surgicel application increased pain levels while decreasing bleeding incidence during the postoperative period.

Values Range of Tympanometric Gradient in Otitis Media With Effusion.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to establish how reliable a given tympanogram is in predicting the presence or absence of a middle ear effusion, and to provide new views for the diagnostic information of tympanometry. The use of tympanometric gradient in addition to static admittance is the focus of this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors enrolled 146 female and 129 male patients. The participants were allocated into groups as follow: Group A1 consisted of 50 healthy children. Group A2 consisted of 86 children with otitis media with effusion. Group B1 consisted of 85 healthy adults. Group B2 consisted of 54 adults with otitis media with effusion. All diagnostic otoscopic examination and tympanometry were performed in both ears. The authors analyzed the distribution of tympanograms in patients with otitis media with effusion and healthy controls. RESULTS: When the right and left ear canal volume of either children or adults with otitis media with effusion compared with healthy controls, no statistically significant different was observed (P > 0.05). On the other hand, the statistically significant difference was detected for the values of compliance, pressure and gradient of either children or adults with otitis media with effusion compared with healthy controls (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The authors found the values range from 0.01 to 1.52 mL gradients (mean least value 0.15 mL) in adults and the values range from 0.01 to 0.93 mL gradients (mean least value 0.10 mL) in children in the presence of otitis media with effusion. The authors think that tympanometric gradient may be useful to detect the otitis media with effusion.

The effect of smoking on perforation development and healing after septoplasty.

BACKGROUND: The relationship between septal perforation and smoking (of cigarettes) was not previously studied in patients who underwent septoplasty. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of smoking on nasal septal perforation development and the postoperative healing process in patients who underwent septoplasty. METHODS: Medical records of patients who underwent septoplasty procedures between January 2010 and December 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Any candidates with chronic systemic disease, were >40 years of age, were prone to complications (i.e., excessive septal deviation), or had previous nasal surgery were excluded from study. The subjects were grouped by smoking habits, and septal effects of smoking were evaluated clinically. RESULTS: Of 281 patients, 88 qualified as smokers (group 1) and 193 were considered nonsmokers (group 2). Septal perforation was observed in eight patients in group 1 and in one patient in group 2 (p < 0.05). In groups 1 and 2, the average healing times were 8.8 ± 2.04 days and 7.51 ± 1.75 days, respectively (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Both nasal recovery time and development of septal perforation proved significantly greater in patients who smoked after septoplasty.

[B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with the involvement of inferior turbinate: a case report]. / Alt konka tutulumu gösteren B-hücreli non-Hodgkin lenfoma: Olgu sunumu.

The non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is a significant malignant disease that can involve in the extranodal region of the head and neck. It does not show any specific symptoms when it resides in this region. Swelling, pain and ulceration are important clinical findings. In this article, we report a 57-year-old male patient diagnosed with B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma by histopathologic examination, who had nasal blockage, snoring and headache complaints for one year, whose endoscopic nasal examination revealed a mass arising from the right inferior turbinate and the mass was removed surgically by endoscopic approach.

Free radicals and scavenging enzymes in chronic tonsillitis.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to define the relationship between chronic tonsillitis and levels of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase in free radical and antioxidant forms. It is suggested that free oxygen radicals may play a role in chronic tonsillitis. Materials and methods One hundred twenty-four patients were enrolled in the study. Tonsillectomy was performed via the usual dissection-snare method. Venous blood was taken preoperatively and at 2 weeks postoperatively. Blood samples and tonsil specimens were evaluated for malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase analysis. RESULTS: The levels of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase in plasma were compared preoperatively and postoperatively, and there were statistically significant differences between these levels (P < 0.05). In contrast, the levels of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase in tonsil tissue were not correlated with the plasma levels of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase in pretonsillectomy and posttonsillectomy terms (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The presence of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase in plasma and tonsil tissue reinforces the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of chronic tonsillitis.