Convincing evidence for the Halperin-Lubensky-Ma effect at the N-SmA transition in alkyloxycyanobiphenyl binary mixtures via a high-resolution birefringence study.

We present new high-resolution experimental data for the temperature behavior of optical birefringence for a series of mixture of the liquid crystals octyloxycyanobiphenyl (8OCB) and nonyloxycyanobiphenyl (9OCB) by using a rotating analyzer technique. The birefringence data have been used to probe the temperature dependence of the nematic order parameter [Formula: see text]. We have then arrived at values for possible entropy discontinuities at the nematic-smectic A transition temperature [Formula: see text] from the detailed inspection of [Formula: see text] data in the immediate vicinity of [Formula: see text]. The 9OCB mole fraction dependence of the obtained reduced entropy discontinuities has been shown to be well fitted with a crossover function which is itself consistent with the mean-field free energy expression with a non-zero cubic term arising from the Halperin-Lubensky-Ma (HLM) coupling. The obtained results are in good accordance with existing results from adiabatic scanning calorimetry (ASC). Our birefringence results and determined entropy discontinuities (consistent with calorimetry results) are in striking contrast with the recent birefringence results of Barman et al. (Phase Transit. 91, 58 (2018) published online 16 Aug. 2017) claiming second-order nematic-to-smectic A transitions for all mixtures. In this paper we present a possible explanation for this discrepancy. We have also extracted the effective critical exponent values [Formula: see text] characterizing the critical fluctuations near the N-SmA transition for all compositions by using the fact that the temperature derivative of the order parameter [Formula: see text] near [Formula: see text] exhibits the same power-law divergence as the specific heat capacity. Measurable latent heat values were extracted from optical birefringence data for mole fractions of 9OCB where the [Formula: see text] values are as low as 0.2, which is substantially lower than the tricritical value [Formula: see text]. This is qualitatively different from what has been observed so far in other liquid-crystal systems. Together with ASC data, these pecuilarities of the 8OCB+9OCB system render further convincing evidence for the presence of the HLM coupling effect at the N-SmA transition phase transition line.

High-resolution birefringence investigation of octylcyanobiphenyl (8CB): an upper bound on the discontinuity at the smectic-A to nematic phase transition.

We report optical birefringence data by two different methods with high temperature resolution for octylcyanobiphenyl (8CB) near the smectic-A to nematic (Sm-A-N) phase transition temperature T(AN). Within the resolution of our experiments, we find that the Sm-A-N phase transition is continuous. For a possible discontinuity in the orientational order parameter S(T) at T(AN), we arrive at an upper limit of 0.0002, which is substantially smaller than other estimates in literature, but consistent with the value of 0.00008 derived from the upper limit of the latent heat from high-resolution adiabatic scanning calorimetry (ASC), which is itself consistent with the Halperin-Lubensky-Ma theory. The temperature derivative of the order parameter exhibits a power law divergence with a critical exponent that is consistent with the value α = 0.31 ± 0.03 for the specific heat capacity obtained by ASC.