Development of Firat Netlessphobia Scale and investigation of its psychometric properties.

PURPOSE: The present study aimed to determine the level of Netlessphobia in the general population by developing the "Firat Netlessphobia Scale." DESIGN AND MEASURES: Trial form consisting of 19 items, which was tested in terms of language and psychometric validity, was applied to a sample group of 690 people. The reliability of the scale was verified by evaluating Cronbach's α reliability coefficient and test-retest consistency. RESULTS: The developed "Firat Netlessphobia Scale" can account for 60.7% of the variance related to Netlessphobia. Cronbach's α reliability coefficient of the scale was calculated as 0.93. CONCLUSIONS: According to the findings, the Firat Netlessphobia Scale is a cost-effective scale that facilitates the valid and reliable estimation of high variance and a low number of items. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: This practical and cost-effective scale is widely applied owing to its small number of items and short expressions. The present study emphasizes the importance of exploring Netlessphobia and the need for future research in this area to recognize the risk groups and establish protection strategies.

Validity and reliability of the Family Empowerment Scale for parents of children with cleft lip and/or palate.

BACKGROUND: Empowerment is recognized as a crucial concept in strengthening the position of parents in healthcare services. This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish Family Empowerment Scale (FES). METHODS: This methodological study was conducted between January and March 2021, with 348 family members actively caring for their children in the age group of 0-18 years with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P). The English FES was translated into Turkish using back translation and modified so that it is generic and convenient for all families. The construct validity, internal validity, internal consistency, and split-half test reliability and responsiveness of the Turkish FES were examined. RESULTS: The original FES structure with three factors (family, health services provided to the child and community participation) and 34 items was verified in Turkish culture. This obtained structure can explain 66% of the variance of the relevant concept. Scores of parents ranged between 34 and 170 points. Increasing scores indicated a positive significance regarding family empowerment. The Cronbach's α reliability coefficient of the scale was calculated as 0.976. CONCLUSION: The study findings and the goodness-of-fit values indicated that the FES and its Turkish version are a valid and reliable measurement instrument to be used in Turkish culture.

Predictors of parenting stress in parents of children with cancer.

PURPOSE: In the present study, we investigated the parenting stress experienced by parents of children with cancer and the influencing factors. METHOD: This was a cross-sectional and descriptive correlational study that consisted of parents of 136 children in the age group of 0-18 years who were followed up for cancer in the outpatient clinics and services of a university hospital in Turkey. Parenting Stress Index, Burden Interview, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Marital Life Satisfaction Scale, and Ways of Coping Questionnaire were used to collect the data. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was found between the parenting stress mean scores and gender of the parents of children with cancer (t = -0.350; P = 0.727). The results of the present study showed that the economic status (t = -4.16; P = 0.000), parents' physical (t = 3.606; P = 0.000) and mental health status after the child is diagnosed (t = 5.647; P = 0.000), accompanying mental health problems of the child (t = 2.567; P = 0.011), and diagnosis of children at a young age (t = -2.776; P = 0.006) increased the parenting stress of the parents. CONCLUSIONS: Nursing interventions can reduce parental stress by providing sufficient care and support during the disease process.

Effectiveness of flipped classroom teaching models in nursing education: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this systematic review was to reveal the evidence of how the method of flipped classroom was applied in nursing education and examine the results associated with this teaching method. DATA SOURCES: Peer-reviewed studies published from 2013 to 2020 were selected from the PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases. REVIEW METHODS: A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA Statement Guidelines. Electronic databases were searched using a range of keywords, and the findings were integrated into a narrative synthesis. Quality appraisal was undertaken. RESULTS: In total, 7470 articles were retrieved including the 24 paper those were finally selected for the systematic reviews. The themes identified were: academic performance outcomes, student perceptions, activities, and structures. CONCLUSIONS: It was determined that the flipped classroom method supported learning effectively and increased the quality of teaching. Nursing courses are suggested to be structured as flipped classrooms.

"Unexpected event": Having an infants with cleft lip and/or palate.

This study aimed to determine the difficulties that the mothers of infants with a cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) go through, the problems they encounter in this process, and how they perceive the support of healthcare professionals, families, and friends. The study used a phenomenological approach from qualitative research methods. The study sample included 18 mothers of 0 to 3-month-old infants with CL/P. The data were collected using socio-demographic information form and semi-structured interview form. The data obtained from the interviews were evaluated using content and thematic analysis approaches. On the basis of the interviews conducted with mothers of infants with CL/P, the following themes emerged: (a) "unexpected event: having an infant with CL/P," (b) "using social media," (c) "stigma," and (d) "uncertainty of long-term treatment." In this study, it was determined that mothers experienced shock, confusion, sadness, and disappointment in this process; therefore, they used social media to seek support from the families as well as conducted research on the disease that involved a lot of uncertainty due to long-term treatments. The present study can help healthcare professionals, who play a role in the care and treatment of infants with CL/P, to understand and know what mothers need in the preoperative period.

The Impact of Middle Eastern Crisis on Cleft Care: Evaluation of Demographic and Perioperative Data in Syrian Refugees With Cleft Lip and Palate.

The cleft lip and palate (CL/P) define a heterogeneous group of congenital deformities, which are morphologically highly diverse, with a complex and multifactorial etiology. Affected children may experience social problems due to negative effects on speech, hearing, facial appearance, as well as negative psychological effects on the parents. In 2011, after the civil war began in Syria, a great wave of immigration began to Turkey and other neighboring countries. Refugees may not be able to receive optimal health care because of cultural differences, socioeconomic status, language problems, and psychosocial problems. To increase awareness about this issue, the authors investigated the demographic, perioperative, and post-operative data of Syrian refugee patients with CL/P who were admitted to our cleft center between January 2016 and May 2019. Sixty-eight refugees with CL/P were detected as the result of the screening. Unlike the protocol the authors follow in our center, cleft lip repair was performed at an average of 7.6 months and cleft palate repair was performed at an average of 28.7 months of age. The rate of fistula was found 26.2%.The civil war in Syria has caused the repair of the patients with cleft lip and palate at a later age, hampered the follow-up and treatment, and caused more complications. Considering the demographic, social, economic and cultural characteristics of the patients, it was demonstrated that the necessary health precautions and infrastructure should be provided on the pillar of plastic surgery.

The Use of Social Media Among Parents of Infants with Cleft Lip and/or Palate.

PURPOSE: To determine the purpose of the parents of infants with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) for using Facebook, how they share for the audience and what kind of information they search for. DESIGN AND METHODS: The results of the study were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative methodologies. Data were collected for one major social media platform (Facebook) from public accounts dedicated to CL/P. The former involved thematic and word count analysis for online posts on the Facebook platform, while the latter employed descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Facebook has a total of 8 group accounts and 7695 users in Turkey. Among the 702 posts analyzed, "requesting information" was found to be the most commonly encountered theme (55.4%). This study, it was determined that especially parents of infants with CL/P need information about surgery. The "announcement" was mentioned in only 3.3% of all posts. Our text analysis of 17.134 words mentioned in posts revealed that the most common word was surgery (6.6%). CONCLUSIONS: The current study provides a comprehensive reference to the role of social media in CL/P. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: In the near future, analysis of patients' and public knowledge and perception of surgery will be an important next step in building greater awareness of its role in the management of CL/P.

The Effect of Nursing Care Provided to Turkish Mothers of Infants Born With Cleft Lip and Palate on Maternal Attachment and Self-efficacy: A Quasi-Experimental Study.

PURPOSE: The present study evaluated the effect of the nursing care provided to the mothers of the infants born with a cleft lip and palate (CLP) until the time of cleft palate (CP) repair surgery, on maternal attachment and self-efficacy. DESIGN AND METHODS: The present study was designed as a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test control group design. The study included 32 mothers whose infants were born with CLP and had undergone CL repair surgery. Nursing care was provided to the mothers and the infants included in the study group through a total of seven home visits over a period of nine weeks. The data for the study were collected using a socio-demographic form, a home-care needs evaluation form, the Maternal Attachment Inventory (MAI), and the Parental Self-Efficacy Scale (PSE). RESULTS: The scores for the mothers in the intervention group increased as the visits progressed, and it was observed that by the end of the ninth week, the difference between the mothers in the intervention group and those in the control group in terms of post-test MAI and PSE had become statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Providing nine weeks of home-based nursing care to the mothers and the infants has the potential of reducing the problems experienced by the mothers of infants born with CLP. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Obtaining a better understanding of the barriers to the nursing care provided to the mothers of the infants born with CLP in-home setting would contribute immensely to the development of appropriate nursing-care practices.

Parenting Stress in Turkish Mothers of Infants With Cleft Lip and/or Palate.

OBJECTIVE: To explore parenting stress and factors affecting the mothers of infants with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) in Turkey. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: The study compared mothers of infants born with CL/P (n = 90) with mothers of healthy infants (n = 90). Mothers completed the data collection form, the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. RESULTS: Mothers of infants born with CL/P had higher mean parenting stress scores than the control mothers. A significant negative relationship was found between social support and parenting stress for mothers of infants born with CL/P but was not related for control mothers. Among mothers with an infant with CL/P, the mean parenting stress scores were higher for mothers preoperatively than mothers responding postoperatively. Among mothers with an infant with a cleft, higher stress was found for diagnosis after birth, not breastfeeding, feeding difficulties, lack of fathers' support, perceived difficult infant temperament, blame, anger, and concern for the future. CONCLUSION: Parenting stress was higher and social support was lower for mothers of infants with a cleft. Treatment teams can design interventions aimed at factors related to stress, such as addressing feeding issues, teaching coping skills, and linking to social support.

Predictors of caregiver burden in mothers of children with leukemia and cerebral palsy.

OBJECTIVE: Caring for a sick child can lead to considerable burden in the caregiver. Comparative studies of burden in mothers of children with different types of disorders are rare. METHODS: We assessed levels of and risk factors for burden in mothers of children with leukemia (n: 70) or with cerebral palsy (CP) (n: 69). Subjects were recruited from two hospitals in Ankara. RESULTS: Levels of burden or depression were not different between groups. Burden was predicted by the presence of depression in the mother and severity of illness in both groups. In the leukemia group, mothers reported higher burden if the child was male or younger; no such relationship was observed in the CP group. CONCLUSION: Our results show that type of illness has an effect on levels of burden. Mothers of children with leukemia should receive more attention, especially if their child is male or younger, to take preventive measures against burden.

School-age children's perception of the hospital experience.

In order to determine the perception of hospital experiences among school-age children's (6-12 years), a descriptive and cross-sectional study was performed in 130 children hospitalized in a pediatric hospital with different diagnoses. Data were collected using a pediatric information form, questionnaire form, scale for attitudes towards hospital and healthcare personnel, and sources of anxiety generating thoughts scale (SAGTS). Children's expectations of the nurses were to be well treated (62%), to perform painless procedures (20%), to play games together (12%), to be capable of their job (10%), and to be cheerful (10%). Children's expectation of the hospital facilities was the availability of playgrounds and toys (19.2%), large and single rooms (15.4%), rooms with private bathroom (9.2%), and rooms with a television and Internet access (7.7%). A statistically significant, negative, and moderate linear relationship was found between the scale for attitudes towards hospital and healthcare personnel and SAGTS ( p < 0.05, r: -0.296). The present study was performed to define the children's hospital experiences, keeping in mind that the best opinion on this matter is the child's own opinion. The foundation of this understanding depends on admitting that the children can express their own opinions about the care they receive.

Does the visibility of a congenital anomaly affect maternal-infant attachment levels?

PURPOSE: To determine whether congenital anomaly visibility affects maternal-infant attachment levels. DESIGN AND METHODS: The study population consisted of mothers who had infants with cleft lip/palate or congenital heart anomalies who were receiving treatment in a university hospital. The data were collected using the Structured Questionnaire Form and the Maternal Attachment Inventory. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences in maternal-infant attachment levels were observed between infants with cleft lips/palates and healthy infants and between infants with congenital heart anomalies and healthy infants. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: It is important to apply appropriate nursing interventions for these mothers during the postpartum period.