The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in urban and rural areas of Eskisehir-Turkey.

Allergic rhinitis is the most common allergic disease in our country. The epidemiology of allergic rhinitis varies according to the geographic regions of the country. The aim of this study was to find out if it also differs in urban and rural areas of the same region. The study groups were randomly selected in order to sample high school students living in small towns or villages in rural areas and in the city center. Initially the screening questionnaires about allergic rhinitis were responded by the students at school. Then the questionnaires were evaluated. Seven hundred eighty-three students who had a positive questionnaire outcome were underwent an ENT examination. Then skin tests and blood analysis were performed to two hundred forty-six students who were diagnosed as allergic rhinitis clinically. Prick test results was found to be positive 61.8% in urban areas and 46.7% in rural areas. The comparison of the ratios of urban and rural areas was significant. Similar results were obtained in serum specific Ig E analysis. The correlation of specific Ig E levels and skin prick test results was significant in all allergens. Allergic rhinitis is a medical and economic problem all over the world and further epidemiologic investigations should be performed.

The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in urban and rural areas of Eskis¸ehir-Turkey

Allergic rhinitis is the most common allergic disease in our country. The epidemiology of allergic rhinitis varies according to the geographic regions of the country. The aim of this study was to find out if it also differs in urban and rural areas of the same region. The study groups were randomly selected in order to sample high school students living in small towns or villages in rural areas and in the city center. Initially the screening questionnaires about allergic rhinitis were responded by the students at school. Then the questionnaires were evaluated. Seven hundred eighty-three students who had a positive questionnaire outcome were underwent an ENT examination. Then skin tests and blood analysis were performed to two hundred forty-six students who were diagnosed as allergic rhinitis clinically. Prick test results was found to be positive 61.8 % in urban areas and 46.7 % in rural areas. The comparison of the ratios of urban and rural areas was significant. Similar results were obtained in serum specific Ig E analysis. The correlation of specific Ig E levels and skin prick test results was significant in all allergens. Allergic rhinitis is a medical and economic problem all over the world and further epidemiologic investigations should be performed

La rinitis alérgica es la enfermedad alérgica más común en Turquía, y su epidemiología varía dependiendo de las regiones del país. El presente estudio tenía por objeto averiguar si la epidemiología variaba también entre las zonas urbanas y rurales de la misma región. Los grupos de estudio se seleccionaron aleatoriamente para realizar un muestreo de los alumnos de educación secundaria tanto de aldeas y pueblos de zonas rurales como del núcleo urbano. Inicialmente los alumnos respondieron en los institutos a cuestionarios de diagnóstico, que posteriormente se evaluaron. 783 alumnos cuyo cuestionario resultó positivo se sometieron a una exploración de oído, nariz y garganta. A continuación se realizaron pruebas cutáneas y análisis de sangre a 246 alumnos a los que se había diagnosticado clínicamente una rinitis alérgica. Las pruebas cutáneas dieron positivo en un 61,8 % en las zonas urbanas y en un 46,7 % en las zonas rurales. La diferencia entre los porcentajes de las zonas rurales y urbanas fue significativa, obteniéndose resultados similares en los análisis de IgE específica sérica. La correlación entre los niveles de IgE específica y los resultados de las pruebas cutáneas fue significativa en todos los alergenos. La rinitis alérgica es un problema médico y económico en todo el mundo, y deben realizarse más investigaciones epidemiológicas

Relationships between the children and the parents for coronary risk factors.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to investigate the relation of coronary risk factors in children to coronary heart disease (CHD) or coronary risk factors in their parents. METHODS: A sample of 252 parents of 164 children with two or more coronary risk factors were included in this study. The control group consisted of 175 parents of 114 children with no risk factors. Both groups were evaluated for coronary risk factors and CHD. The children in the groups were separated into sex and age groups consisting of 7 to 11-years-olds, 12 to 15-years-old and 16 to 18-years-old. RESULTS: Many lipid parameters related with coronary risk factors in the mothers of 7 to 11-year-old girls, in the fathers of 7 to 11-year-old girls and 16 to 18-year-old boys were at higher levels than in the control group. Anthropometric parameters, especially those of reflecting body fatness such as skinfold thickness measurements and total bodyfat percentage values were at higher levels in the fathers of 12-15- and 16 to 18-year-old girls. The higher levels of most of the anthropometric and biochemical parameters in the fathers of 16 to 18-year-old boys were striking. Hyperlipidemia prevalences in the fathers of 7 to 11-year-old girls and boys were higher than the control parents. In the study group, the girls positively correlated with both their parents for total cholesterol levels and positively correlated with only their mothers for height, bodyfat percentage, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein- cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. However, the boys positively correlated with their mothers for weight and with their fathers for bodyfat percentage, diastolic blood pressure (BP) values and serum LDL-C levels. The proportion of individuals who had ischemic findings on treadmill exercise testing was significantly greater than control group in only the fathers of 12 to 15-year-old boys (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The parents, especially the fathers of children with coronary risk factors have higher levels of coronary risk factors than those in the control group. There is a familial aggregation of body fatness and adverse lipid levels in the families of the children with coronary risk factors. The parents of children recognized as having coronary risk factors should be evaluated for these risk factors too.

Serum leptin levels in type 1 diabetic and obese children: relation to insulin levels.

OBJECTIVES: To compare serum leptin levels in type 1 diabetic and obese children. DESIGN AND METHODS: We studied serum leptin levels in 35 type 1 diabetic, 32 obese, and 35 healthy children. Seven of 35 were new-onset diabetics with ketoacidosis. C-peptide (CPE) levels were used for estimating insulin secretion. RESULTS: Serum leptin levels were lower in diabetics than in controls (p<0.001). Obese children had higher leptin and CPE levels than diabetics and controls. In new-onset diabetics, 1 month insulin treatment did not cause any change in leptin levels (p>0.05). Leptin was correlated positively with body mass index and CPE (p<0.001) and inversely with glucose (p = 0.001) and HbA1c (p<0.05) in the combined group. HbA1c and gender were the independent predictors of leptin in diabetic children (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Low serum leptin levels in type 1 diabetic children may be due to chronic insulin deficiency related with their metabolic control. Leptin and insulin may have complementary roles in maintaining a stable body weight.

[The specificity and sensitivity of some methods of determining Brucella antibodies in milk in comparison with the whey antiglobulin test (WAGT)]. / Sütteki Brucella antikorlarinin tayininde kullanilan bazi yöntemlerin whey antiglobulin test (WAGT) ile karsilastirilarak duyarlilik ve özgüllüklerinin saptanmasi.

156 Milk samples were obtained from farms, dairies and streets and brucella antibodies were searched by serologic methods. Results were compared by whey antiglobulin test (WAGT) findings. In order to established the Brucella antibodies presence according to WAGT at the performed serologic tests, milk Ring test (MRT) was found the most sensitive and pratic test. The application of milk and serum (whey) to slide aglutination tests were not seen reliable.