ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Mesenchymal stem cells are used in various fields, such as cellular therapy, regeneration, or tissue engineering. It has been shown that they exhibit many protective factors and also work as a modulating chief within the region in which they are administered. There are studies on both the therapeutic and neuroprotective effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Also, there are many studies on the improvement of culture conditions for in vitro reproduction of mesenchymal stem cells, which can be obtained from many sources in various bodies, such as adipose tissue and Wharton's jelly. Improving and standardizing these culture conditions will increase the effectiveness and reliability of stem cell therapies. Studies evaluating many culture conditions, such as O2 level, type of medium, monolayer culture, and the transition from in vitro 3D models, are ongoing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In our study, groups were formed by using stem cells originating from adipose tissue and Wharton's jelly. Stem cell cultures were made using Hillex-II and Pronectin-F microcarriers. Cell culture O2 level was adjusted as 1% and 5% for each group separately. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to analyze brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in stem cell culture fluid. RESULTS: The highest brain-derived neurotrophic factor level in mesenchymal stem cells culture medium was observed in an adipose-derived stem cell culture with an in vitro fertilization (non-treated) dish, using a Hillex microcarrier in a 1% O2 microenvironment. CONCLUSION: As a result of our observations, we think that cells could exhibit greater therapeutic potential in a dynamic adhesion environment.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study aims to evaluate and compare the scores of a self-reported measurement of orthorexia nervosa among Turkish people who engage in different levels of physical activity (sedentary individuals, recreational athletes and competitive athletes). METHODS: Data for this study were collected through a self-administered online questionnaire between March and April 2020 in Turkey. The questionnaire consisted of two parts: personal information (sociodemographic and anthropometric information, training and dieting regime) and the ORTO-11 Scale. Only the items in the revised scale (ORTO-R) were used for analysis. Measurement invariance was tested and latent means were compared across different activity groups, sexes and levels of education. RESULTS: Analysis was done with a total of 877 participants (514 sedentary, 271 recreationally active, and 91 competitive athletes). Mean age of participants was 29.12 ± 11.15. Sedentary people were less likely to follow a particular diet. Configural, metric and partial scalar invariance were proven across three groups of physical activity and the difference between latent means was found nonsignificant (competitive vs sedentary: CR = - 0.53, p = 0.592; competitive vs recreational: CR = 0.25, p = 0.724; sedentary vs. recreational: CR = - 1.35, p = 0.183). Configural, metric and full scalar invariance were proven across sexes and different levels of education, and difference between latent means was found nonsignificant (CR = - 1,11, p = 0.272; CR = - 0.53, p = 0.587, respectively). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, people who compete at sports events, exercise regularly at a recreational level, or lead a sedentary life have similar scores in ORTO-R. Also, females did not score higher than males. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, case-control analytic study.
