The evolution of the field of legal medicine: A holistic investigation of global outputs with bibliometric analysis.

The purpose of this study is to make a holistic summary of the articles published in the field of Legal Medicine/Forensic Science through bibliometric methods, determine the top cited publications in the field, and to determine the most active journals and especially trend topics. The articles published in the field of Legal Medicine between the years 1975 and 2018 were downloaded from the Web of Science index and were analyzed using bibliometric methods. The correlations between the number of publications of the countries and the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and the Gross Domestic Product per capita (GDP PPP) values was analyzed using the Spearman's correlation coefficient. The number of articles to be published in the field of Legal Medicine between the years 2019 and 2022 was estimated with linear regression analysis. The results showed that there were totally 38845 articles published in the field of Legal Medicine. Regression analysis results indicate that it will exceed 2500 publications after 2022. The most productive countries in the field of Legal Medicine were the USA (12.448, 32.045%). A high correlation was found between legal medicine publication productivity and GDP and GDP PPP (r = 0.726, p < 0.001; r = 0.703, p < 0.001). As for the collaboration between countries, analysis results showed that the network web indicated the most important factor as the geographical location. This study will provide important information to a forensic scientist (a doctor, academic, and practitioner).

Investigation of the Anthropometric Changes in Breast Volume and Measurements After Breast Reduction.

Objective This study aims to compare breast volume changes and other anthropometric measurements by using before and after breast reduction pictures of women who underwent breast reduction operation in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery clinic and by performing measurements from the anatomic points indicated in the literature. Background Landmarks (previously identified as anatomic points) that show the success of breast reduction operation are not sufficient. Anthropometric points and their identification are of great importance for choosing the landmarks and identifying the statistical approaches to be used. Methods A total of 40 women were measured breast anthropometric measurements in pre- and post-operative breast reduction surgery changes by a photographic technique using Image J programme from the anatomical points determined in the literature. Comparison of right and left breast anthropometric measurements before and after the operation was performed using the paired t test or Wilcoxon signed rank test. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman plots were used to determine the agreement between each pair of measurements. Results There was a statistically significant agreement between all the measurements (p<0.001). According to the Bland-Altman graphics, right and left breast measurements after the operation were within the limits of agreement according to all measurement points. Conclusion This study presented anthropometric measurements to show and guide patient satisfaction and aesthetic success of the operations performed by plastic surgeons.

Age-Related Changes in the External Noses of the Anatolian Men.

OBJECTIVE: Knowledge of age-related nasal region measurements in Anatolian men; growth changes between adult and old age. BACKGROUND: The nose plays a critical role in determining the external appearance of an individual. Craniofacial anthropometry has been commonly used in forensic anthropology and medicine. METHODS: A total of 300 men (100 between 20-40 years; 100 between 40-60 years and 100 60-up years) were measured using a photographic technic from the Image J program. From the landmarks, 13 linear distances and 3 angles were calculated and averaged for age groups. RESULTS: The means of nasal bridge lengths of three age groups were 60.30, 63.43 and 64.63 mm, respectively. The average nasal tip protrusions of three groups were 24.31, 26.69 and 27.53 mm, respectively. Nasolabial angle, nasal bridge length and tip protrusion, anatomic and morphologic nose width and root width were statistically different between the three age groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Results collected in this study could serve as a data bank for nasal anthropometry during aging and development. The assessment of teratogenic-induced traumas, craniofacial alteration, facial reconstruction, aging of dead person and personal identification may be assisted by age data from Anatolian men from age data banks. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .