Ameliorative and Disinfection Effects of Ultraviolet-C Radiation on Experimentally Induced and Infected Skin Wounds: A Mice Model Study.

Only ultraviolet-C (UV-C) from UV lights, which are emitted by the sun and absorbed by the atmosphere's ozone layer, does not reach the Earth's surface. UV-C is a powerful disinfection method that is commonly used to sterilize fluids, air, and surfaces. There is a little knowledge of the effects of UV-C radiation on living bodies. The purpose of this study is to examine the ameliorative effect of UV-C on skin lesions in mice that have been experimentally created and infected with Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Streptococcus sp. In total, 32 mice were used, and 4 mm skin defects were created and lesions infected with bacteria. Half of the mice in each group were treated with 254 nm UV-C twice a day for 4 days before being euthanatized. Blood samples were collected for hematological analysis, while skin samples were collected for microbiological, pathological, and immunohistochemical examinations. In addition, pathological examinations were performed on visceral organ samples. UV-C treatment caused rapid healing and complete or significant disinfection of skin lesions. Moreover, UV-C treatment reduced caspase-3 expressions in lesioned areas, according to immunochemistry. There were no pathological findings in visceral organs as a result of UV-C treatment. This study found that UV-C can be used to treat and disinfect infected skin lesions in short period and repeated doses.

Detection of Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Pasteurella Multocida, and Mannheimia Haemolytica by Immunohistochemical Method in Naturally-infected Cattle.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to determine the predisposing effect of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) on Pasteurella spp. infection in naturally-induced pneumonia in cattle by immunohistochemical labelling. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Lungs of cattle slaughtered in the slaughterhouse were examined macroscopically, and 100 pneumonic samples were taken. The samples were fixed in 10% neutral formalin and embedded in paraffin by routine methods. Sections 5 µm in thickness were cut. The streptavidin-peroxidase method (ABC) was used to stain the sections for immuno-histochemical examination. RESULTS: BRSV antigens were found in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells of bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoles and within inflammatory cell debris and inflammatory exudate in bronchial lumens. Pasteurella spp. antigens were detected in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells of bronchi and bronchioles, and in cells in the lumens of bronchi and bronchioles. Eleven cases were positive for only one pathogen (six for BRSV and five for Pasteurella spp.), while 35 cases were positive for 2 pathogens: BRSV plus P. multocida (n = 21) or M. haemolytica (n = 14). CONCLUSION: The presence of high levels of BRSV in dual infections indicates that BSRV may be the main pneumonia-inducing agent and an important predisposing factor for the formation of Pasteurella spp. infections in cattle naturally afflicted with pneumonia.

A Novel Experimental Method for Penile Augmentation Urethroplasty With a Combination of Buccal Mucosa and Amniotic Membrane in a Rabbit Model.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the results of penile urethral reconstruction using amniotic membrane (AM) and buccal mucosa (BM) grafts, and the simultaneous use of both in a rabbit model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 28 male rabbits were divided into 4 groups according to grafting style: group 1 (AM), group 2 (BM), group 3 (BM + AM), and group 4 (sham). A standardized urethral defect was created in the 3 initial groups. The sham group underwent only a ventral vertical urethral incision and primary re-suturation. AM grafts were used in group 1, and BM grafts were used in groups 2 and 3. AM grafts were affixed to the BM grafts in group 3 as a covering tissue. Urethrography and endoscopy were performed after the 1st and 2nd months of grafting. The penises were subjected to histopathologic and immunohistochemical assessment for fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor expression. RESULTS: Dehiscence and fistula developed in group 1, whereas 2 fistulas were observed in group 2. No complications developed in group 3. Epithelization at urethras was observed at 4 weeks in all groups, but transformation to urothelial epithelialization occurred at 8 weeks. Marked amelioration and epithelial transformation were observed in group 3. The most prominent fibroblast growth factor expression was observed in group 3. Vascular endothelial growth factor expression was completely negative in group 3 at 8 weeks, indicating complete healing. CONCLUSION: The simultaneous use of AM and BM for ventral onlay penile urethroplasty provides better tissue healing and lower complication rates in comparison to BM alone. Further animal studies or clinical applications are needed.

The effectiveness of extra-scrotal fixation following manual detorsion for testicular torsion: a pilot study in a rabbit model.

INTRODUCTION: To investigate the effectiveness of manual detorsion (MD) and applicability of extra-scrotal fixation for testicular torsion in a rabbit model. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twelve New Zealand male rabbits were randomized into six groups of two rabbits each. A single-side testicular torsion (TT) model (different degrees, time and sides) was performed in all groups except the Sham group. The groups included: Group 1 (180°; 4 h), Group 2 (720°; 6 h), Group 3 (1080°; 9 h), Group 4 (540°; 1 h), Group 5 (900°; 2 h), and Group 6 (sham-only). Testes were examined by another urologist and radiologist with Color Doppler Ultrasonography (CDU). MD was performed with CDU until blood flow was observed in the affected testis. Extra-scrotal fixation was then conducted in these animals. The testes were then harvested for blinded histopathological examinations. RESULTS: TT was detected in all animals except the control group. The CDU examination detected decreased blood flow only in Group 1. An opposite rate was observed between the spermatic cord diameter and torsion degree. A wrong direction of MD in the first step was observed in two rabbits in Groups 4 and 5. Torsion signs were observed only in Group 3. Rest torsion was observed in Groups 3 and 5 after extra-scrotal fixation. Histopathological examinations showed that testicular damage increased in parallel to torsion duration. CONCLUSIONS: Extra-scrotal fixation after MD along with CDU may be a simple and minimally invasive treatment option in TT therapy. However, this must be verified with further studies.

A Novel Approach to Penile Augmentation Urethroplasty Using Buccal Mucosa and Amniotic Membrane: A Pilot Study in a Rabbit Model.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the success of amniotic membrane (AM) and buccal mucosa (BM) grafts and simultaneous use of both in penile augmentation urethroplasty in rabbits. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 12 New Zealand rabbits were divided into 3 groups by grafting style: Group 1 (AM), Group 2 (BM), and Group 3 (simultaneous use of BM and AM). In all animals, a standardized urethral defect was created. BM and AM were obtained from the rabbits. Solely AM grafts were affixed to the defects in Group 1, solely BM grafts were affixed to the urethral defects in Group 2, and simultaneous AM + BM grafts were affixed in Group 3. At 4 and 8 weeks, the penises were subject to histological assessment of subepithelial fibrosis, epithelial transformation, and inflammatory reaction. RESULTS: Stenosis was detected in none of the groups. A dehiscence was developed in one rabbit in Group 1 and a fistula was developed in one rabbit in Group 2. After 4 weeks, minimal subepithelial fibrosis and inflammatory reaction were observed in Group 2, while subepithelial fibrosis was not in Groups 3. After 8 weeks, subepithelial connective tissue proliferation was moderate in Group 2, at both 4th and 8th weeks in Group 2. After 8 weeks, the best epithelial transformations were observed in Group 3. CONCLUSION: In an animal model, the simultaneous use of AM and BM grafts following acute urethral injury may be feasible for penile augmentation urethroplasty. Further study is needed.

Pleural mesothelioma in a nine-month-old dog.

This paper reports on an unusual case of pleural epitheloid mesothelioma in a nine-month-old male, mixed breed dog. The dog was presented in-extremis and, on post mortem examination, multiple, exophytic, frequently pedunculated, yellowish-red, soft to firm masses ranging from 3 mm to 6 cm in diameter were diffusely distributed over, and attached to, the pericardial and parietal pleural surfaces. Microscopically, these masses consisted of round to partially polygonalshaped, anaplastic cells with minimal cytoplasm and hyperchromatic nuclei covering papillomatous projections or as part of more densely cellular masses. A supporting fibrovascular stroma and mitotic figures were also evident. Constituent tumour cells were labeled positively with antibodies against both vimentin and cytokeratin. In contrast, the same cells exhibited equivocal labeling with an antibody directed against calretinin antigen and did not label with antibodies against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and milk fat globule-related antigen (MFGRA). Such tumours are rare in dogs, particularly in such a young animal.