Migration of Tenckhoff Catheter to Sigmoid Colon: A Rare Delayed Complication.

Bowel perforation associated with inserted peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter mainly occurs during the perioperative period. Delayed bowel perforation is difficult to diagnose because of its different clinical signs and rarity. A 53-year-old woman developed acute abdomen after her PD catheter was changed. It was found that the changed catheter perforated the sigmoid colon. Primary repair of the perforated area of the sigmoid colon was performed, and the last inserted PD catheter was removed. The postoperative period and recovery were uneventful. Perforations due to the PD catheter may remain silent until the catheter is replaced. In patients with frequent episodes of peritonitis, a perforation area due to PD catheter which limited itself should be considered as the etiology.

Regular exercise improves the levels of self-efficacy, self-esteem and body awareness of young adults.

BACKGROUND: Regular exercise habits provide social and psychological benefit as well as improving and ameliorating the physical health of individuals. This study was conducted to examine the effect of regularly exercising on self-efficacy, self-esteem and body awareness on healthy adults. METHODS: Three hundred and fifty two participants (141 females, 211 males) aged 20 to 40, who do regularly exercise at least two days a week for last 6 months (REG), and 350 sedentary individuals (212 females, 138 males; SG). Demographics of participants and the type, duration, and frequency of the exercise were recorded. Self-efficacy (General Self-Efficacy Scale), self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale) and body awareness (Body Awareness Questionnaire) levels of the participants were assessed. RESULTS: The mean age of REG was 23.34±3.67 years and SG was 22.66±2.67 years. It was found statistically significant differences in terms of self-efficacy, self-esteem and body awareness between groups and the results of participants who were doing exercise regularly were much better than sedentary ones (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In our study shows positive effects of regularly exercising on personal and psychological parameters. Exercise is a preferred method to increase self-efficacy, self-esteem and body awareness.

Clinicopathologic characteristics and surgical management of schwannomas of the upper digestive tract.

AIM: Schwannoma is a peripheral nervous system tumor arising from Schwann cells of the neural sheath, and they are very rarely seen in the upper digestive tract. In this study, we aimed to present the clinicopathologic characteristics and surgical management of patients who underwent surgical treatment for esophageal or gastric schwannoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients who were diagnosed with esophageal or gastric schwannoma between January 2013 and January 2020 were included in the study. Demographic, clinicopathological and immunohistochemical parameters of the patients were analyzed along with the follow-up results. RESULTS: There were 13 patients in our study. Nine patients had gastric schwannoma and 4 patients had esophageal schwannoma. Female gender was dominant (61.5%). The mean age was 56 years. Esophageal tumors were all enucleated. Minimal invasive approach was preferred in 3 patients. Gastric tumors were most commonly localized in the lesser curvature. Three patients underwent laparoscopic wedge resection, 3 patients open wedge resection, 2 patients subtotal gastrectomy, and one patient proximal gastrectomy. Intraoperative or postoperative complications did not develop in any patient. No patient required reoperation, and there were no deaths within 90 days postoperatively. In the postoperative 90-day period, there was no unplanned re-admission to the hospital. The mean follow-up period was 53.4 months (range: 23-93 months). No recurrence was detected in any patients. CONCLUSIONS: Definitive diagnosis of schwannomas is made only by histopathologic examination postoperatively. S-100 expression has diagnostic significance. The preferred treatment is complete surgical excision with negative margins, and the long-term outcome is excellent as these lesions are mostly benign. KEY WORDS: Esophagus, Enucleation, Schwannoma, Stomach, Wedge resection.

Brain-targeted, drug-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles against glioblastoma cells in culture.

The aim of this study was the preparation of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) formed from cetyl palmitate with having targeting molecules for monocarboxylate transporter-1 (MCT-1): ß-hydroxybutyric acid and anticancer agents: carmustine (BCNU) and temozolomide (TMZ) for enhanced anti-proliferation against glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Properties including size, morphology, chemical structure, zeta potential, drug encapsulation efficacy, drug release, biocompatibility, stability were determined, and in vitro studies were done. BCNU and TMZ loaded SLNs had a hydrodynamic size of 227 nm ± 46 a zeta potential of -25 mV ± 4 with biocompatible features. The data showed rapid drug release at first and then continuous release. Nanoparticles could be stored for nine months. BCNU and TMZ loaded SLNs exhibited a remarkable increment in the antitumor activity compared to the free-drugs and induced apoptosis on U87MG cells. In addition, targeted nanoparticles were more uptaken by MCT-1 expressing brain cells. This study indicated that BCNU and TMZ loaded SLNs could act as a useful anticancer system for targeted GBM therapy.

Prognostic significance of preoperative hemoglobin and albumin levels and lymphocyte and platelet counts (HALP) in patients undergoing curative resection for colorectal cancer.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to determine the relationship between HALP score and postoperative complications (According to Clavien-Dindo classification 3 and above), in patients with colo-rectal cancer who underwent curative surgical resection and to determine its clinical value in predicting prognosis. METHODS: 279 patients who underwent curative surgery for colorectal cancer between 2015-2018 were included in the study. The HALP value was calculated by dividing the product of hemoglobin (g/L), albumin (g/L), lymphocytes (/ L) by the number of platelets (/ L). In order to generate a cut off value for the HALP value, ROC analysis and ROC curve were created. The patients were divided into two groups according to survival, and cut off value was found by ROC analysis: Group 1 (Low HALP) and Group 2 (High HALP). Demographic, clinical characteristics, intraoperative , postoperative results and mean survival were compared between the groups. RESULTS: The patients were divided into two groups according to cut off value of 15.73. Group 1 consisted of 113 patients; Group 2 consisted of 166 patients. Average age was similar in the groups (62vs61, p:0.480). Patients in Group 1 received more neoadjuvant therapy (31%vs21%, p:0.064). CEA levels were higher in Group 1 (7.6vs4.3 p:0.034). Mucinous adenocarcinoma histological type was more common in Group 1 (24%vs13% ,p:0.040). Pathological grade poorly differentiated was more common in Group 1 (27%vs13%). Postoperative outcomes was similar to groups We found the HALP score as a risk factor for survival in multivariate analysis (HR=0.8552 95% (CI:0.6575-1.1125, p:0.007). If the HALP value is below 15.73, it is assumed that the average survival is 28 months with 45.4% sensitivity and 66.938% specificity. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that the HALP score is closely related to clinic pathological features and is an independent prognostic factor for survival. Its value in estimating mean survival is limited. KEY WORDS: Colorectal cancer, HALP score, Immunity, Nutrition.

Should tall cell thyroid cancers be evaluated differently from well-differentiated thyroid cancers?

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to investigate the clinical features of Papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC) Tall cell variant(TCV), long-term outcomes and surgical experience in papillary thyroid carcinoma. MATERIAL-METHOD: 33 patients who were operated in our clinic between August 2012 and March 2018 and diagnosed as TCV in their pathology evaluation were included in the study. The demographic and clinical features of the patients, pathological features of the tumor and long-term results were examined. RESULTS: A total of 33 patients were included in our study. The mean age was 55.2(18-85) years. The female sex was more dominant (75.8%). The most common presenting complaint was swelling in the neck (75.7%).Total thyroidectomy was performed in 84.8% and completion thyroidectomy after lobectomy was performed in 15.2%. Neck dissection was performed in 33% of the patients. The mean tumor diameter was 3.6 (1-10) cm. The tumor was multifocal in 36.3% of the patients. The capsule invasion rate of the tumors was present in 69.7% of the patients, extrathyroidal rate was 39.4%, Metastatic lymph nodes were detected in 30.3% of the cases. The mean follow-up duration was 39.3+22.4(5.25-78.63) months. 39.4% of patients had distant metastasis during follow-up. Disease free survival rate was 57.6%, total survival was 42.4 + 3.8 (34.7-50.0) months. CONCLUSION: TCV is closely associated with larger tumor diameter, multifocal location, extrathyroidal spread and lymph node involvement, We believe that more aggressive surgery should be performed in the treatment of TCV cases and it is important to follow up the patients more closely. KEY WORD: Esophagus cancer, Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, Preoperative lymphocyte /neutrophil ratio, Prognosis.

Effectiveness of matrix-rhythm therapy on increased muscle tone, balance and gait parameters in stroke survivors: a single-blinded, randomized, controlled clinical trial.

This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of Matrix rhythm therapy (MRT) on muscle tone, balance and gait parameters in stroke survivors. Thirty stroke individuals randomly assigned to study and control group received combining BT&MRT, and BT, respectively. This study was a single-blinded (assessor-blind), randomized controlled trial. A total of 30 stroke individuals with spastic hemiparesis (n = 30) aged between 20-65 years were included. The study group received combining BT and MRT on trunk and the affected lower limb. The control group received only BT. Participants in both groups were received therapy for 4 weeks, 3 days/week. The outcome measures were Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), goniometric measurements (ROM), Single Leg Stance Test of the BESTest Balance Evaluation System, Timed "Get Up & Go" Test of the BESTest and BTS G-Walk Gait-Analysis System. Spasticity intensity, ROM, static/dynamic balance tests' scores, gait velocity, cadence, and pelvic movement symmetries improved in study group (p < 0.05).In the control group, only dynamic balance improved after the treatment program(p < 0.05). Significant improvements were found in terms of spasticity intensity, ROM of knee and ankle joints, static/dynamic balance, gait velocity and cadence in favor of the study group (p < 0.05). This study gives preliminary evidence that adding MRT to BT may be beneficial in improving balance and gait by regulating muscle tone in the affected lower limb of stroke patients with spastic hemiparesis. The study was retrospectively registered at Clinical Trials.gov (ID: NCT04213417; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov ).

Validity and reliability of the Body Awareness Questionnaire in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain.

This study was conducted to determine the validity and reliability of the Body Awareness Questionnaire (BAQ) in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain. A total of 180 participants (96 women, 84 men), aged 21-64 years, with non-specific chronic low back pain were enrolled from June to December 2019. Sociodemographic features were collected. The pain intensity using the Visual Analog Scale, the disability status due to low back pain with the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), the body awareness level using the BAQ, and self-esteem using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) were assessed. Test-retest reliability was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficients in patients 7 days apart. The mean age of the study subjects was 42.14 ± 13.27 years. The scale was found to be reliable in patients experiencing non-specific chronic low back pain. The Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient was 0.767. The internal consistency ranged from 0.718 to 1.00 in the items. Intraclass correlation coefficients of items ranged from 0.560 to 1.000. Intraclass correlation coefficient of BAQ total score was found to be 0.786 (p = 0.000) in test-retest results. The scores of RSES were compared in order to assess the concurrent validity of BAQ. The concurrent validity analyses showed that the BAQ and RSES were significantly correlated (r = 0.188; p = 0.012). The BAQ is a valid and reliable scale for determining body awareness status in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain.

Laparoscopic versus open total radical gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer: surgical outcomes.

AIM: The aim of this study is to compare the oncologic efficacy of laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG) versus open total gastrectomy (OTG) for gastric cancer and to provide our experiences regarding this surgery. METHODS: A total of 107 patients who underwent curative total gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma between September 2015 and September 2018 were included in this study. Demographic characteristics, operative parameters, histopathological results, postoperative morbidity and mortality results of the patients were evaluated. RESULTS: Of 107 patients, 70 were men and 37 women. OTG consisted of 89 patients and LTG consisted of 18 patients. The mean age in OTG was 59.4 years, the mean age in LTG was 57.3 years. The mean number of lymph nodes harvested was 30.5 14.6 in OTG and 33.0 10.1 in LTG. The number of metastatic lymph nodes harvested was 7.4 10.5 in OTG and 10.0 11.8 in LTG (p= 0.366), and there was no statistical difference between the two groups. The time of onset of oral intake, anastomotic leakage, and postoperative mortality was similar in both groups. Operative duration and length of hospital stay were significantly higher in LTG. Postoperative survival duration was similar in both procedures CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic total gastrectomy for gastric cancer is an oncologically safe procedure but had a longer operation time and a longer hospital stay. There was no significant difference number of harvested lymph nodes, number of metastatic lymph nodes, and tumor localization between the two groups KEY WORDS: Gastric cancer, Laparoscopy, Gastrectomy.

Laparoscopic versus open total radical gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer: surgical outcomes.

AIM: The aim of this study is to compare the oncologic efficacy of laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG) versus open total gastrectomy (OTG) for gastric cancer and to provide our experiences regarding this surgery. METHODS: A total of 107 patients who underwent curative total gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma between September 2015 and September 2018 were included in this study. Demographic characteristics, operative parameters, histopathological results, postoperative morbidity and mortality results of the patients were evaluated. RESULTS: Of 107 patients, 70 were men and 37 women. OTG consisted of 89 patients and LTG consisted of 18 patients. The mean age in OTG was 59.4 years, the mean age in LTG was 57.3 years. The mean number of lymph nodes harvested was 30.5±14.6 in OTG and 33.0±10.1 in LTG. The number of metastatic lymph nodes harvested was 7.4±10.5 in OTG and 10.0±11.8 in LTG (p= 0.366), and there was no statistical difference between the two groups. The time of onset of oral intake, anastomotic leakage, and postoperative mortality was similar in both groups. Operative duration and length of hospital stay were significantly higher in LTG. Postoperative survival duration was similar in both procedures CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic total gastrectomy for gastric cancer is an oncologically safe procedure but had a longer operation time and a longer hospital stay. There was no significant difference number of harvested lymph nodes, number of metastatic lymph nodes, and tumor localization between the two groups KEY WORDS: Gastric cancer, Laparoscopy, Gastrectomy.

Is radioguided occult lesion localization (ROLL) an effective and reliable method in thyroid cancer and parathyroid redo surgery?

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to share the efficacy of the radionuclide occult lesion localization (ROLL) technique in secondary neck exploration in patients who had undergone neck exploration due to thyroid or parathyroid pathology and to share our clinical experience. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Data of 25 patients who underwent secondary neck exploration for recurrent thyroid cancer and parathyroid adenoma between January 2016 and December 2018 at the General Surgery Clinic of Balcali Hospital, Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine were collected retrospectively. On the operation day, 0.5 mCi Tc-99m macroaggregate albumin was injected into the lesion under ultrasound guidance (USG). Nerve monitoring was used in all patients. RESULTS: Twenty-five patients (21 females, 4 males) were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 54.5 (24-79) years. Five patients were operated for parathyroid adenoma, 6 patients for papillary cancer after subtotal thyroidectomy, 13 patients for papillary cancer recurrence, 2 patients for medullary cancer recurrence, 2 patients for papillary cancer cervical lymph node metastasis and 1 patient for anaplastic cancer recurrence.Mean operative time was 100.6 min (60-160 min). Two patients had transient hypocalcemia and no other complications were seen. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in patients with hyperparathyroidism, Thyroglobulin (Tg) levels in patients with recurrent papillary cancer, were significantly lower than preoperative levels (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: We believe that ROLL technique reduces the complication rate by decreasing dissection time and width. We recommend using it for thyroid cancer and parathyroid redo surgery. KEY WORDS: Parathyroid redo surgery, Radioguided surgery, Thyroid cancer.

Investigation of relationship between colour discrimination ability and stereoscopic acuity using Farnsworth Munsell 100 hue test and stereo tests.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of colour discrimination ability on the stereoscopic acuity by comparing individuals having congenital colour vision deficiency (CCVD) with healthy individuals. DESIGN: A comparative study. PARTICIPANTS: The study included 53 binocular males, of whom 26 (mean age, 36.04 ± 9.30 years) were in the healthy group and 27 (mean age, 33.04 ± 9.81 years) were in the CCVD group. METHODS: The following tests were used: the Ishihara pseudo-isochromatic plate test for detecting CCVD, the Farnsworth Munsell 100 (FM100) hue test for colour discrimination ability, the TNO and Titmus stereo tests for stereoscopic acuity. RESULTS: In the CCVD group, 20 males were deutan and 7 males were protan. According to the FM100 hue test, total error score (TES), blue/yellow (b/y) local error score (LES), and red/green LES were significantly lower in the healthy group (30.23 ± 18.78, 15.15 ± 10.38, and 13.88 ± 11.93, respectively) than in the CCVD group (133.59 ± 67.45, 41.15 ± 22.03, and 89.15 ± 52.16, respectively) (p < 0.01 for each). The stereo test scores revealed significantly higher stereoscopic acuity in the healthy group (43.85 ± 33.92 arcsec for the TNO test and 40.00 ± 0.00 arcsec for the Titmus test) than in the CCVD group (93.33 ± 90.51 arcsec for TNO stereo test and 52.96 ± 24.62 arcsec for the Titmus test) (p < 0.05 for each). The TNO test score was significantly and positively correlated with the TES (r = 0.390, p = 0.049) and b/y LES (r = 0.490, p = 0.011) in the healthy group. CONCLUSIONS: Colour discrimination ability affected stereoscopic acuity. Moreover, stereoscopic acuity increased with increasing colour discrimination ability, which could be originated from the b/y colour region.

Primary actinomycosis of the breast in postmenopausal women.

INTRODUCTION: Actinomycosis is a chronic infection caused by actinomyces species characterized by an abscess formation, tissue fibrosis, and draining sinuses. Primary actinomycosis of the breast is rare. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this paper we present a 64-year-old postmenopausal woman. For the diagnosis of primary actinomycosis of the breast, mammography, ultrasonography, MRI, and histopathologic examinations are required. Microbiological culture and histopathology are of the most importance during the process of diagnosis. In our case, at the intersection of the sternum and the lower inner quadrant of the right breast, there was a 1 cm wide fistula opening, and an abscess. A. israelii has been isolated from the microbiological culture taken from the lesion RESULTS: An optimal surgical resection of infected tissues has been performed as the treatment with the wound left open for tertiary healing The patient was given sulbactam 4*1 gr/day intravenously for 4 weeks post-op.. Recurrence was not detected during the yearly follow up procedures CONCLUSIONS: Actinomycosis should be considered when differentially diagnosing clinical instances of suppurative or granulomatous infections of the breast and mass regions that can't be ruled out as malignancies. Early diagnosis will save the patient from unnecessary surgical operations and ineffective antibiotic treatments. KEY WORDS: Actinomycosis, Breast abscess, Breast diseases.

Aggressive angiomyxoma of the pelvis presenting as an obturator hernia.

INTRODUCTION : Angiomyxoma is a rare slow-growing soft tissue myxoid cell tumor that usually arises in the pelvis and perineal regions and occurs predominantly in women in the fourth decade. Angiomyxomas usually present as often initially misdiagnosed asymptomatic masses. Most common clinical early diagnoses of aggressive angiomyxomas are in form Of Vulvar Masses, Vulvar Lipomas, Bartholin's Cysts, Levator Hernias, Inguinal Hernias Or Cervical Polyps. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This paper presents the case of the pelvic angiomyxoma diagnosis of a 41 year old with early findings of suspicious obturator hernia during the initial physical examination. RESULTS: The dissection was extended from the right retrorectal area to the ischiorectal cavity and the mass was reached. The capsulated mass of 10*15 cm with soft consistency was completely released and unblocked, it was excised from the abdomen through the incision using wound protection The obturator defect was repaired with interrupted sutures. CONCLUSIONS: Angiomyxoma is a rare, benign and locally aggressive tumor, which can infiltrate locally and present unusually as perineal hernia. Due to its rarity and lack of specific diagnostic requirements, it's difficult to diagnose preoperatively KEY WORDS: Angiomyxoma, Obturator hernia, Pelvic mass.

Development of Ultrasound-Triggered and Magnetic-Targeted Nanobubble System for Dual-Drug Delivery.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) constitutes more than 85% of lung cancer case. Pemetrexed is used to treat types of NSCLC, and pazopanib is used for some types of soft tissue sarcoma. The aim of the study was development of pemetrexed and pazopanib carrying nanobubble system with magnetic responsiveness and ultrasound sensitivity properties for targeted NSCLC therapy. Drugs were linked to newly designed peptide, and peptide drug conjugates were attached to amine-modified magnetite. Resulting nanoparticles were encapsulated into liposomes, and liposomes were extruded, then nanobubble system was prepared. Moreover, nanobubble biodistribution was monitored by in vivo imaging system. As a result, based on high-performance liquid chromatography data, magnetite and peptide-pemetrexed were conjugated with 54.02% yield, and magnetite and peptide-pazopanib were bound with 63.53% yield. Hydrodynamic size of nanobubbles, prepared from liposomes filtered through 800 nm and 400 nm, was determined as 491.1 ± 130.2 and 275.8 ± 117.8 nm, respectively. Carrier system was accumulated into tumor area with 80.22% yield of the injected carrier system. It was found that nanobubbles were magnetic responsive for accumulation via magnetic field and could be disrupted by ultrasound via focused acoustic pressure, which lead to targeted drug delivery. These nanobubble systems could be investigated for intravenous and inhaler administration in further studies.

HLA Genotypes in Turkish Hematopoietic Cell Recipients and Likelihood of Finding a Matched Donor Through Family Searches.

OBJECTIVES: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant is a life-saving treatment, but donor numbers in Turkey do not meet the increasing demand for this procedure. Here, our objectives were (1) to assess the frequency of HLA-matched related donors in the Turkish population and (2) to identify the HLA antigens and haplotypes that are most frequent in Turkey. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The HLA genotypes of 841 consecutive recipients and 3071 family members were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Matched related donors were identified for 368/841 recipients (44%). Extended family donor searches were performed for 111/181 pediatric recipients (61%), with nonsibling matched related donors found for 23 patients (21%). Matched related donors were found for a significantly higher proportion of pediatric patients (52%) than adult patients (41%) (odds ratio of 2.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.9-4.1; P = .02). The percentage of pediatric versus adult patients with 3 or more siblings was 13% versus 46% (odds ratio of 5.6; 95% confidence interval, 3.6-8.5; P = .001). The most frequent HLA class I antigens at each locus were HLA-A*02 (20.2%), HLA-B*35 (19.5%), and HLA-C*07 (19.8%). The most frequent HLA class II antigens at each locus were HLA-DRB1*11 (21.6%) and HLA-DQB1*03 (40.2%). The most common 3-locus haplotypes were HLA-A*24 B*35 DRB1*11 (F:0.020) and HLA-A*01 B*08 DRB1*03 (F:0.015). When adult and pediatric groups were combined, the most common locus haplotypes were found in 43/345 sibling donors (12%) and in 7/23 nonsibling pediatric donors (30%) (odds ratio of 2.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-6.4; P = .02). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that, in Turkey, it can be beneficial to revise donor search algorithms to include an extended family donor search before an unrelated donor search. This type of search can be effective because of the HLA haplotype diversity in Turkey, the frequency of consanguinity, and the country's limited donor pool.

Attitudes of Young Adult Men Toward Domestic Violence and Factors Affecting Their Attitudes in Turkey.

Domestic violence is commonly observed worldwide; however, exposure to violence is not often mentioned directly. Prevention of domestic violence may be one of the most important social problems and requires much time and effort to resolve. This study was conducted to determine the attitudes toward domestic violence of Turkish males who are young adult and undertake military service, and the factors that affect these attitudes. A cross-sectional study design was used. This study was conducted with 221 young adult men who applied to Sarikamis Military Hospital between December 2012 and February 2013. A questionnaire and the Attitude Toward Domestic Violence Scale were used for the collection of data. One-way ANOVA, T test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Mann-Whitney U test were used in the process of analyzing the data. In the study, it was found that 10% of the young adult men were exposed to violence within their own family and the average of their total scores from the Attitude Toward Domestic Violence Scale was 49.41 ± 7.27. It was confirmed that undereducated men have more negative attitudes toward domestic violence than other groups. The present study determined that men who have negative attitudes toward domestic violence and who have a low education level affected attitudes toward domestic violence negatively. It is important that violence is prevented before it occurs. In this respect, health professionals, politicians, teachers, academics, and all community leaders have an important role in preventing initiatives on violence.

A reappraisal on metformin.

This review investigates the different biological effect of Metformin (MET) in different conditions. MET is an oral antidiabetic drug used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) particularly in overweight people. The main mechanism of action of the MET is inhibition of hepatic glucose production and reduction of insulin resistance. In addition to its antidiabetic effects, MET is also found to be related with the risk for development of several human solid cancers types such as colorectal, breast and pancreas cancer in the diabetic patients. Nowadays according to some researches, MET is believed to decrease or prevent aging and mortality. Moreover, clinical and experimental evidence has shown that MET has beneficial effects in patient with obesity, polycystic ovarian syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. Recent studies have shown that activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) by MET can explain its beneficial metabolic effects. In this manuscript, a reevaluation of mechanisms as well as pharmacokinetic properties, genetic variants of transporters, drug-drug interactions, side effects and potential clinical benefits of MET have been reviewed.

Effects of musculoskeletal system problems on quality of life and depression in students preparing for university entrance exam.

BACKGROUND: This study was planned to investigate the relationship between musculoskeletal problems, depression, and quality of life in students preparing for university entrance exams. METHODS: A total of 180 students were included in the study, 104 were female (57.77%), and 76 were male (42.22%). Students were reached through the cram schools ("dershane") in Denizli. Musculoskeletal system problems, depression status, and quality of life were determined with the Musculoskeletal-Postural Discomfort Scale (MDS), Boratav Depression Screen Scale (Bordepta), and Short Form-36 (SF-36), respectively. Demographic data, daily study, and sleep duration were also recorded. RESULTS: Students have moderate musculoskeletal discomfort. Musculoskeletal disorders and depressive symptoms are more observed in female students than male students (P = 0.000). The SF-36 results were significantly negatively correlated with the MDS and Bordepta scores. A significant positive correlation was found between musculoskeletal disorders and depression status (r = 0.351, P = 0.000). Sleep duration was negatively correlated with the MDS and Bordepta (r = -0.209, P = 0.005; r = -0.148, P = 0.047, respectively) and positively correlated with the SF-36 role limitation/emotional and social functioning subscales (r = 0.225, P = 0.002 and r = 0.191, P = 0.010 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Musculoskeletal problems and depression status negatively affects general health status especially in female students who are preparing for university entrance examinations. Students should be informed about musculoskeletal problems by healthcare professionals and the study room, tables, and chairs should be arranged ergonomically. Further studies might be determined that why musculoskeletal disorders and depression status are more widely among female students.

Investigation of the relationship between kinesiophobia, physical activity level and quality of life in patients with chronic low back pain1.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study is to examine the relationship between kinesiophobia (fear of movement), physical activity level and quality of life. METHODS: In this study, we assessed 112 patients consulting for low back pain (LBP) of ≥ 3 month's duration. We used Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain intensity, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) for physical activity level, Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale for perception of kinesiophobia, Oswestry Disability Index for disability status of low back. RESULTS: The results of this study, there was no statistically significant correlation between International Physical Activity Questionnaire, duration of pain, intensity of pain at rest and Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale (p> 0.05). It was found a statistically significant correlation between pain intensity at activity (p= 0.009), disability level (p= 0.000) and Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale. Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale were highly negative correlated with sub-scale of SF-36 Quality of Life Index (general health, physical function, social status, bodily pain, role limitations due to physical health) (p= 0.000). CONCLUSION: The kinesiophobia adversely affect the quality of life limiting the physical activity status of patients with chronic low back pain.