Increasing Risk Factors for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; an Insight into Chronic Periodontitis and Insulin Resistance.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is marked by the excessive intrusion of triglycerides into hepatocytes without any role of alcohol consumption. Various risk factors have been attributed to this disease pathogenesis, including metabolic disorders, immune response, and even an intricate relationship between the two. The role of insulin resistance (IR) in NAFLD has long been known; however, the molecular basis of disease progression under this metabolic backdrop is still being investigated. Similarly, the periodontitis-mediated immune response is another major factor involved in NAFLD manifestation, which has generated huge interest. The prevalence of pathogenic bacteria elicits a strong immune response, which according to the studies shows a strong correlation with NAFLD state. Such pre-existing conditions have a strong probability of explaining the disease onset. Additionally, increasing reports on inflammatory response and its links to insulin resistance have further increased the scope of understanding NAFLD. Through this review, we aim to elaborate on these factors explaining their role in the disease progression.

Investigations on the Functional connectivity disruptive patterns of progressive neurodegenerative disorders.

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Parkinson's Disease (PD) are neurodegenerative diseases of the brain that affects the memory and motor regions respectively. Neurological disorders are the result of alterations at molecular level due to complex mechanisms between genetic and environmental factors. Classical approaches are focused on determining how disruptions in functional connectivity occur in the memory regions of AD and motor regions of PD. There have been studies stating that in addition to dementia, motor abnormalities may also be observed in Alzheimer's patients and on the other hand, dementia may occur in Parkinson's patients a year or more after the onset of motor symptoms. In this work, to substantiate this hypothesis the brain connectivity patterns and functional topology of motor and memory regions in AD and PD patients were analyzed and compared. Resting state functional connectivity (rs-fMRI) has been found to demonstrate the brain networks in both AD and PD. Graph theoretical modelling is being significantly used in studying the topology of the brain networks. The results show the disruption of connectivity in motor regions in later stages of AD in addition to memory regions and conversely in PD the memory regions were found to have disrupted connectivity in addition to the motor regions. Further, the Z scores of intra and inter hemispheric regions in AD and PD also indicate the disruption in connectivity as the disease progresses.

Suitability and water quality criteria of an open drainage municipal sewage water at Coimbatore, used for irrigation.

Sanganur canal is the major open drainage system which has intricate linkage with storm water supply, domestic sewage and industrial effluent disposal. Water samples from various stations were collected and analysed for physicochemical parameters to assess the water quality of the Sanganur canal system. The study revealed that physicochemical parameters like pH, EC, TDS, DO, BOD, COD exceeded the permissible limit, clearly indicating the need of proper treatment of waste water before discharge into the Noyyal river.