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1.
Med. intensiva (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 42(3): 151-158, abr. 2018. graf, tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-173400

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Analizar las complicaciones a largo plazo de los pacientes críticos que requirieron traqueotomía percutánea (TP) con el método de dilatación con balón. DISEÑO: Estudio observacional, prospectivo, de cohorte. Ámbito: Dos unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI) polivalentes. PACIENTES: Adultos ventilados mecánicamente ingresados en UCI con indicación de TP. Intervención: En todos los pacientes se realizó TP mediante Ciaglia Blue Dolphin® con guía endoscópica. Los pacientes decanulados vivos fueron evaluados clínicamente, así como mediante laringotraqueoscopia y tomografía axial computarizada cervical al cabo de al menos 6 meses tras la decanulación. VARIABLES: Complicaciones intraoperatorias, postoperatorias y tardías. Mortalidad intra-UCI y hospitalaria. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 114 pacientes. Las complicaciones intraoperatorias más frecuentes fueron la hemorragia leve (n=20) y la dificultad para insertar la cánula (n=19). Dos pacientes tuvieron complicaciones intraoperatorias graves (1,7%) (hemorragia e imposibilidad de finalización de la técnica, en un caso, y falsa vía y desaturación, en otro). Todos los pacientes decanulados vivos (n=52) fueron revisados a los 221±28 días tras la decanulación. Ningún paciente presentaba síntomas. La tomografía axial computarizada y la laringotraqueoscopia mostraron estenosis traqueal severa (>50%) en 2 pacientes (3,7%), ambos con periodos de canulación superiores a 100 días. CONCLUSIONES: La TP usando la técnica Ciaglia Blue Dolphin® con guía endoscópica es un procedimiento seguro. La estenosis traqueal grave es una complicación tardía que, aunque infrecuente, debe ser tenida en cuenta por su falta de expresividad clínica. Debería considerarse la evaluación de aquellos pacientes críticos que han sido traqueotomizados y han permanecido canulados durante periodos prolongados de tiempo


OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the late complications in critically ill patients requiring percutaneous tracheostomy (PT) using the balloon dilation technique. DESIGN: A prospective, observational cohort study was carried out. Scope: Two medical-surgical intensive care units (ICU). PATIENTS: All mechanically ventilated adult patients consecutively admitted to the ICU with an indication of tracheostomy. INTERVENTIONS: All patients underwent PT according to the Ciaglia Blue Dolphin® method, with endoscopic guidance. Survivors were interviewed and evaluated by fiberoptic laryngotracheoscopy and tracheal computed tomography at least 6 months after decannulation. VARIABLES: Intraoperative, postoperative and long-term complications and mortality (in-ICU, in-hospital) were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 114 patients were included. The most frequent perioperative complication was minor bleeding (n=20) and difficult cannula insertion (n=19). Two patients had severe perioperative complications (1.7%) (major bleeding and inability to complete de procedure in one case and false passage and desaturation in the other). All survivors (n=52) were evaluated 211±28 days after decannulation. None of the patients had symptoms. Fiberoptic laryngotracheoscopy and computed tomography showed severe tracheal stenosis (>50%) in 2patients (3.7%), both with a cannulation period of over 100 days. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous tracheostomy using the Ciaglia Blue Dolphin® technique with an endoscopic guide is a safe procedure. Severe tracheal stenosis is a late complication which although infrequent, must be taken into account due to its lack of clinical expressiveness. Evaluation should be considered in those tracheostomized critical patients who have been cannulated for a long time


Subject(s)
Humans , Tracheotomy/adverse effects , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Respiratory Insufficiency/surgery , Tracheal Stenosis/epidemiology , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Dilatation/methods , Time , Prospective Studies , Critical Care/methods , Patient Safety/statistics & numerical data
3.
Med. intensiva (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 41(2): 94-115, mar. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-161107

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Proporcionar guías de traqueostomía para el paciente crítico, basadas en la evidencia científica disponible, y facilitar la identificación de áreas en las cuales se requieren mayores estudios. MÉTODOS: Un grupo de trabajo formado con representantes de 10 países pertenecientes a la Federación Panamericana e Ibérica de Sociedades de Medicina Crítica y Terapia Intensiva y a la Latin American Critical Care Trial Investigators Network (LACCTIN) desarrollaron estas recomendaciones basadas en el sistema Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). RESULTADOS: El grupo identificó 23 preguntas relevantes entre las 87 preguntas planteadas inicialmente. En la búsqueda inicial de la literatura se identificaron 333 estudios, de los cuales se escogieron un total de 226. El equipo de trabajo generó un total de 19 recomendaciones: 10 positivas (1B=3, 2C=3, 2D=4) y 9 negativas (1B=8, 2C=1). En 6 ocasiones no se pudieron establecer recomendaciones. CONCLUSIÓN: La traqueostomía percutánea se asocia a menor riesgo de infecciones en comparación con la traqueostomía quirúrgica. La traqueostomía precoz solo parece reducir la duración de la ventilación mecánica pero no la incidencia de neumonía, la duración de la estancia hospitalaria o la mortalidad a largo plazo. La evidencia no apoya el uso de broncoscopia de forma rutinaria ni el uso de máscara laríngea durante el procedimiento. Finalmente, el entrenamiento adecuado previo es tanto o más importante que la técnica utilizada para disminuir las complicaciones


OBJECTIVES: Provide evidence based guidelines for tracheostomy in critically ill adult patients and identify areas needing further research. METHODS: A task force composed of representatives of 10 member countries of the Pan-American and Iberic Federation of Societies of Critical and Intensive Therapy Medicine and of the Latin American Critical Care Trial Investigators Network developed recommendations based on the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system. RESULTS: The group identified 23 relevant questions among 87 issues that were initially identified. In the initial search, 333 relevant publications were identified of which 226 publications were chosen. The task force generated a total of 19 recommendations: 10 positive (1B=3, 2C=3, 2D=4) and 9 negative (1B=8, 2C=1). A recommendation was not possible in six questions. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous techniques are associated with a lower risk of infections compared to surgical tracheostomy. Early tracheostomy only seems to reduce the duration of ventilator use but not the incidence of pneumonia, the length of stay, or the long-term mortality rate. The evidence does not support the use of routine bronchoscopy guidance or laryngeal masks during the procedure. Finally, proper prior training is as important or even a more significant factor in reducing complications than the technique used


Subject(s)
Humans , Tracheostomy/methods , Critical Illness/therapy , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Evidence-Based Practice , Practice Patterns, Physicians' , Critical Care/methods
5.
Med. intensiva (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 39(2): 76-83, mar. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-133961

ABSTRACT

Objetivo Describir las complicaciones perioperatorias y posoperatorias en una cohorte de pacientes críticos traqueotomizados con la técnica Ciaglia Blue Dolphin®. Diseño Estudio observacional, prospectivo, de cohorte. Ámbito Dos unidades de cuidados intensivos polivalentes. Pacientes Adultos sometidos a ventilación mecánica prolongada. Intervención Traqueotomía percutánea mediante Ciaglia Blue Dolphin® con control fibrobroncoscópico. Variables Se registraron variables demográficas, complicaciones intraoperatorias y posoperatorias, así como mortalidad en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos e intrahospitalaria. Resultados Se incluyeron 70 pacientes. Edad: 68,6±12 años (68,6% hombres). APACHE II: 23,5±8,7. El tiempo en ventilación mecánica previo a la traqueotomía percutánea fue de 14,3±5,5 días. Se registró algún tipo de complicación perioperatoria en 25 pacientes. En 23 fueron leves: dificultad para introducir la cánula (n=10), sangrado leve (n=7), atelectasia parcial (n=3), perforación del balón del tubo orotraqueal (n=2) e imposibilidad técnica para la finalización de la técnica con cambio a Ciaglia Blue Rhino® (n=1). En 2 pacientes se produjeron complicaciones graves: hemorragia grave que obligó a finalizar el procedimiento mediante técnica quirúrgica (n=1) y falsa vía más desaturación (n=1). En ningún caso hubo riesgo vital y en 11 casos se produjeron en curva de aprendizaje. Como complicaciones posoperatorias solo se observó sangrado pericánula leve en 2 enfermos. Conclusiones La Ciaglia Blue Dolphin® con guía endoscópica es una técnica segura. Como en otros procedimientos, la curva de aprendizaje contribuye a un incremento en la incidencia de complicaciones. Sus potenciales beneficios con respecto a otras modalidades de traqueotomía percutánea deberán evaluarse en estudios aleatorizados (AU)


Objective To describe the perioperative and postoperative complications in critically ill patients requiring percutaneous tracheostomy using the Ciaglia Blue Dolphin® technique. Design A prospective, observational, cohort study was carried out. Scope Two medical-surgical Intensive Care Units. Patients Adult patients subjected to prolonged mechanical ventilation. Intervention Percutaneous tracheostomy using Ciaglia Blue Dolphin® with an endoscopic guide. Variables Demographic variables, intraoperative and postoperative complications, and Intensive Care Unit and ward mortality were recorded. Results Seventy patients were included. Age: 68.6±12 years (68.6% males). APACHE II score: 23.5±8.7. Duration of mechanical ventilation prior to percutaneous tracheostomy: 14.3±5.5 days. Perioperative complications were recorded in 25 patients. In 23 of them the complications were mild: difficulty inserting the tracheostomy cannula (n=10), mild bleeding (n=7), partial atelectasis (n=3), cuff leak (n=2), and technical inability to complete the procedure (switch to Ciaglia Blue Rhino®) (n=1). Severe complications were recorded in 2 patients: severe bleeding that forced completion of the procedure via surgical tracheostomy (n=1), and false passage with desaturation (n=1). None of the complications proved life-threatening. Eleven complications occurred in the learning curve. As postoperative complications, mild peri-cannula bleeding was seen in 2 patients. Conclusions Percutaneous tracheostomy using the Ciaglia Blue Dolphin® technique with an endoscopic guide is a safe procedure. As with other procedures, the learning curve contributes to increase the incidence of complications. Potential benefits versus other percutaneous tracheostomy techniques should be explored by randomized trials (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Tracheotomy/methods , Dilatation/methods , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Critical Care/methods , Prospective Studies , Surgery, Computer-Assisted/methods
7.
Med. intensiva ; 38(4): 226-236, may 2014.
Article in English | LILACS, BIGG - GRADE guidelines | ID: biblio-965327

ABSTRACT

"BACKGROUND: ""Zero-VAP"" is a proposal for the implementation of a simultaneous multimodal intervention in Spanish intensive care units (ICU) consisting of a bundle of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) prevention measures. METHODS/DESIGN: An initiative of the Spanish Societies of Intensive Care Medicine and of Intensive Care Nurses, the project is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Health, and participation is voluntary. In addition to guidelines for VAP prevention, the ""Zero-VAP"" Project incorporates an integral patient safety program and continuous online validation of the application of the bundle. For the latter, VAP episodes and participation indices are entered into the web-based Spanish ICU Infection Surveillance Program ""ENVIN-HELICS"" database, which provides continuous information about local, regional and national VAP incidence rates. Implementation of the guidelines aims at the reduction of VAP to less than 9 episodes per 1000 days of mechanical ventilation. A total of 35 preventive measures were initially selected. A task force of experts used the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation Working Group methodology to generate a list of 7 basic ""mandatory"" recommendations (education and training in airway management, strict hand hygiene for airway management, cuff pressure control, oral hygiene with chlorhexidine, semi-recumbent positioning, promoting measures that safely avoid or reduce time on ventilator, and discouraging scheduled changes of ventilator circuits, humidifiers and endotracheal tubes) and 3 additional ""highly recommended"" measures (selective decontamination of the digestive tract, aspiration of subglottic secretions, and a short course of iv antibiotic). DISCUSSION: We present the Spanish VAP prevention guidelines and describe the methodology used for the selection and implementation of the recommendations and the organizational structure of the project. Compared to conventional guideline documents, the associated safety assurance program, the online data recording and compliance control systems, as well as the existence of a pre-defined objective are the distinct features of ""Zero VAP"""


Subject(s)
Humans , Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated , Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/prevention & control , Intensive Care Units
8.
Med. intensiva (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 38(3): 181-193, abr. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-126375

ABSTRACT

Las indicaciones para la realización de la traqueotomía se pueden resumir en: 1.obstrucción de la vía aérea superior, 2. prevención del daño laríngeo y de la vía aérea alta por intubación prolongada en pacientes sometidos a ventilación mecánica prolongada, y 3.permitir un fácil acceso a la vía aérea para la eliminación de secreciones. Desde 1985 la traqueotomía percutánea (TP) se ha ido consolidando como la técnica para establecer una vía aérea quirúrgica en los pacientes que necesitan ventilación prolongada. Desde entonces, se han publicado diferentes estudios comparativos entre TP y traqueotomía quirúrgica, se han desarrollado nuevas modalidades de TP y el uso de las técnicas por dilatación con control endoscópico continúa extendiendo su popularidad por todo el mundo. La traqueotomía debe realizarse tan pronto como se identifica la necesidad de tener un paciente ventilado de forma prolongada, sin embargo no hay modelos para predecir tal situación y el momento para su realización debe individualizarse. En el presente artículo analizaremos el estado actual de la TP en los pacientes ventilados mecánicamente, considerada para muchos la técnica de elección para la realización de la traqueotomía en el enfermo crítico


The medical indications of tracheostomy comprise the alleviation of upper airway obstruction; the prevention of laryngeal and upper airway damage due to prolonged translaryngeal intubation in patients subjected to prolonged mechanical ventilation; and the facilitation of airway access for the removal of secretions. Since 1985, percutaneous tracheostomy (PT) has gained widespread acceptance as a method for creating a surgical airway in patients requiring long-term mechanical ventilation. Since then, several comparative trials of PT and surgical tracheostomy have been conducted, and new techniques for PT have been developed. The use of percutaneous dilatation techniques under bronchoscopic control are now increasingly popular throughout the world. Tracheostomy should be performed as soon as the need for prolonged intubation is identified. However a validated model for the prediction of prolonged mechanical ventilation is not available, and the timing of tracheostomy should be individualized. The present review analyzes the state of the art of PT in mechanically ventilated patients --- this being regarded by many as the technique of choice in performing tracheostomy in critically ill patients


Subject(s)
Tracheostomy/methods , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Critical Illness , Airway Management , Obesity/complications , Risk Factors , Thrombocytopenia/complications , Intensive Care Units
10.
Med. intensiva (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 37(3): 149-155, abr. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-113794

ABSTRACT

Objetivo Analizar el pronóstico de los pacientes ancianos ventilados mecánicamente en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI).Diseño y ámbito Análisis secundario de un estudio observacional prospectivo y multicéntrico llevado a cabo durante un periodo de 2 años en 13 UCI españolas. Pacientes Pacientes adultos que precisaron ventilación mecánica (VM) invasiva durante más de 24 horas. Intervencione Ninguna. Variables de interés Datos demográficos, APACHE II, SOFA, motivo de VM, comorbilidad, situación funcional, reintubación, duración de la VM, traqueotomía, mortalidad en la UCI, mortalidad hospitalaria. Resultados Se incluyeron 1.661 pacientes. De ellos 1.127 (67,9%) eran hombres. Edad: 62,1±16,2 años. APACHE II: 20,3±7,5. SOFA total: 8,4±3,5. Cuatrocientos veintitrés pacientes (25,4%) tenían 75 años o más. Los índices de comorbilidad y capacidad funcional fueron peor en este grupo de pacientes (p<0,001 para ambas variables). La mortalidad en la UCI fue superior en este grupo (33,6%) que en los más jóvenes (25,9%) (p=0,002), al igual que la mortalidad hospitalaria (41,8 vs 31,8%; p<0,0001). No hubo diferencias en cuanto a tiempo de VM, incidencia de traqueotomías o índice de reintubaciones. Por causas de VM solo los pacientes ≥ 75 años ventilados por neumonía, sepsis o trauma presentaron una mortalidad en UCI más alta que los menores de esa edad (46,3 vs 33,1% p=0,006; 55 vs 25,8% p=0,002; 63,6 vs 4,5% p<0,001 respectivamente).Conclusiones Los ancianos (≥ 75 años) tienen una mayor mortalidad en UCI y hospitalaria que los más jóvenes sin diferencias en la duración de la VM. Las diferencias son a expensas de patologías como neumonía, sepsis y trauma (AU)


Objective To analyze the prognosis of mechanically ventilated elderly patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU).Design and scope Sub-analysis of a prospective multicenter observational cohort study conducted over a period of two years in 13 medical-surgical ICUs in Spain. Patients Adult patients who required mechanical ventilation (MV) for longer than 24hours.InterventionsNone.Study variables Demographic data, APACHE II, SOFA, reason for MV, comorbidity, functional condition, reintubation, duration of MV, tracheotomy, ICU mortality, in-hospital mortality. Results A total of 1661 patients were recruited. Males accounted for 67.9% (n=1127), with a mean age of 62.1±16.2 years. APACHE II: 20.3±7.5. Total SOFA: 8.4±3.5. Four hundred and twenty-three patients (25.4%) were ≥ 75 years of age. Comorbidity and functional condition rates were poorer in these patients (p<0.001 for both variables). Mortality in the ICU was higher in the elderly patients (33.6%) than in the younger subjects (25.9%) (p=0.002). Also, in-hospital mortality was higher in those ≥ 75 years of age. No differences in duration of MV, prevalence of tracheostomy or reintubation incidence were found. Regarding the indication for MV, only the patient ≥ 75 years of age with pneumonia, sepsis or trauma had a higher in-ICU mortality than the younger patients (46.3% vs 33.1%, p=0.006; 55% vs 25.8%, p=0.002; 63.6% vs 4.5%, p<0,001, respectively). No differences were found referred to other reasons for MV. Conclusion Older patients (≥ 75 years) have significantly higher in-ICU and in-hospital mortality than younger patients without differences in the duration of mechanical ventilation. Differences in mortality were at the expense of pneumonia, sepsis and trauma (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Respiration, Artificial/statistics & numerical data , Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data , Respiratory Insufficiency/mortality , Prognosis , Prospective Studies , Hospital Mortality , Critical Care/statistics & numerical data , Age Distribution
11.
Med. intensiva (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 36(7): 488-495, oct. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-109918

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Diseñar un modelo de probabilidad de ventilación mecánica prolongada (VMP) con variables clínicas obtenidas durante las primeras 24 horas de su instauración. Diseño: Estudio de cohorte, observacional, prospectivo, multicéntrico. Ámbito: Trece UCI españolas polivalentes. Pacientes: Adultos ventilados durante más de 24 horas. Intervenciones: Ninguna. Variables de interés: APACHE II, SOFA, variables clínicas y demográficas, motivo de VM, comorbilidad y estado funcional. Se construyó un modelo de riesgo multivariante en el que la variable dependiente tenía tres posibles estados: 1.- Muerte precoz. 2.- Retirada precoz de la VM. 3.- VMP. Resultados: Se incluyeron 1.661 pacientes. El 67,9% (n=1.127) fueron hombres. Edad: 62,1±16,2 años. APACHE II: 20,3±7,5. SOFA: 8,4±3,5. Las puntuaciones APACHE II y SOFA fueron mayores en pacientes ventilados > 7 días (p=0,04 y p=0,0001 respectivamente). El fracaso de la ventilación no invasiva (VNI) se asoció a VMP (p=0,005). Se generó un modelo de riesgo multivariante con las siguientes variables: APACHE II, SOFA, fracaso de VNI, ubicación hospitalaria antes del ingreso en UCI y motivo de ventilación mecánica. La exactitud del modelo global (..) (AU)


Objective: To design a probability model for prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) using variables obtained during the first 24hours of the start of MV. Design: An observational, prospective, multicenter cohort study. Scope: Thirteen Spanish medical-surgical intensive care units. Patients: Adult patients requiring mechanical ventilation for more than 24hours. Interventions: None. Study variables: APACHE II, SOFA, demographic data, clinical data, reason for mechanical ventilation, comorbidity, and functional condition. A multivariate risk model was constructed. The model contemplated a dependent variable with three possible conditions: 1. Early mortality; 2. Early extubation; and 3. PMV. Results: Of the 1661 included patients, 67.9% (n=1127) were men. Age: 62.1±16.2 years. APACHE II: 20.3±7.5. Total SOFA: 8.4±3.5. The APACHE II and SOFA scores were higher in patients ventilated for 7 or more days (p=0.04 and p=0.0001, respectively). Noninvasive ventilation failure was related to PMV (p=0.005). A multivariate model for the three above exposed outcomes was generated. The overall accuracy of the model in the training and validation sample was 0.763 (95%IC: 0.729-0.804) and 0.751 (95%IC: 0.672-0.816), respectively. The likelihood ratios (LRs) for early extubation, involving a cutoff point of 0.65, in the training sample were LR (+): 2.37 (95%CI: 1.77-3.19) and LR (-): 0.47 (95%CI: 0.41-0.55). The LRs for the early mortality model, for a cutoff point of 0.73, in the training sample, were LR (+): 2.64 (95%CI: 2.01-3.4) and LR (-): 0.39 (95%CI: 0.30-0.51). Conclusions: The proposed model could be a helpful tool in decision making. However, because of its moderate accuracy, it should be considered as a first approach, and the results should be corroborated by further studies involving larger samples and the use of standardized criteria (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Respiration, Artificial , Intubation , Respiratory Insufficiency/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Risk Adjustment/methods , Prospective Studies , Multivariate Analysis , Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data
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