Analysis of color stability and degree of conversion of different types of resin composites.

Resin composites containing surface pre-reacted glass (S-PRG) have been introduced to reduce demineralization and improve remineralization of the tooth structure. However, water diffusion within the material is necessary for its action, which can impair its overall physicomechanical properties over time, including color stability. This study aimed to evaluate the color stability and related degree of conversion (DC) of four resin composites. Discs (6 x 4 mm, n = 5/group) of microhybrid (MH), nanofilled (NF), nanohybrid (NH), and S-PRG-based nanohybrid (S-PRG-NH) composites with two opacities (A2/A2E and A2O/A2D) were prepared. Color (CIELab and CIEDE2000) was evaluated with a spectrophotometer after aging in grape juice (2 x 10 min/10mL/7days). The DC was analyzed by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy before and after light-curing. Data were statistically analyzed by using two-way analysis of variance and post-hoc least significant difference tests (p<0.05). In the color stability analysis, the interaction between filler type and opacity was significant (CIELab, p = 0.0015; CIEDE2000, p = 0.0026). NH presented the highest color stability, which did not differ from that of MH. The greatest color alteration was observed for S-PRG-NH. S-PRG fillers also influenced DC (p < 0.05). The nanohybrid resin composite presented favorable overall performance, which is likely related to its more stable organic content. Notwithstanding the benefits of using S-PRG-based nanohybrid resins, mostly in aesthetic procedures, professionals should consider the susceptibility of such resins to color alteration, probably due to the water-based bioactive mechanism of action.

Analysis of color stability and degree of conversion of different types of resin composites

Abstract Resin composites containing surface pre-reacted glass (S-PRG) have been introduced to reduce demineralization and improve remineralization of the tooth structure. However, water diffusion within the material is necessary for its action, which can impair its overall physicomechanical properties over time, including color stability. This study aimed to evaluate the color stability and related degree of conversion (DC) of four resin composites. Discs (6 x 4 mm, n = 5/group) of microhybrid (MH), nanofilled (NF), nanohybrid (NH), and S-PRG-based nanohybrid (S-PRG-NH) composites with two opacities (A2/A2E and A2O/A2D) were prepared. Color (CIELab and CIEDE2000) was evaluated with a spectrophotometer after aging in grape juice (2 x 10 min/10mL/7days). The DC was analyzed by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy before and after light-curing. Data were statistically analyzed by using two-way analysis of variance and post-hoc least significant difference tests (p<0.05). In the color stability analysis, the interaction between filler type and opacity was significant (CIELab, p = 0.0015; CIEDE2000, p = 0.0026). NH presented the highest color stability, which did not differ from that of MH. The greatest color alteration was observed for S-PRG-NH. S-PRG fillers also influenced DC (p < 0.05). The nanohybrid resin composite presented favorable overall performance, which is likely related to its more stable organic content. Notwithstanding the benefits of using S-PRG-based nanohybrid resins, mostly in aesthetic procedures, professionals should consider the susceptibility of such resins to color alteration, probably due to the water-based bioactive mechanism of action.

Giomer technology for preventive and restorative clinical management of erosive tooth wear: a case report / Tecnologia Giomer para manejo clínico preventivo e restaurador de desgaste dentário erosive: relato de caso

Increasing prevalence of erosive tooth wear (ETW) is notable mainly due to current knowledge and its early diagnosis. Once teeth are functionally and/or esthetically affected, dental restorations may become necessary. Materials capable of interacting with the eroded dental tissue allied to their resistance to subsequent continuous erosive challenges are desirable. Giomer technology based on S-PRG (surface pre-reactive glass) filler has been launching to provide benefits for the dental treatment due to its innovative multi-ionic release system, which involves fluoride. This case report describes the employment of preventive and restorative materials based on this technology for a patient under frequent erosive challenges and complaining about dental sensitivity. Patient reported immediate reduction on this sensitivity and the restorations has been followed up for 2 years, presenting satisfactory performance. S-PRG-based systems seem to be promissory for preventive and therapeutic management of ETW used simultaneously with the patient compliance. (AU)

O aumento da prevalência do desgaste dentário erosivo (DDE) é notável especialmente devido ao conhecimento atual e seu diagnóstico precoce. Uma vez que os dentes são afetados funcional e/ou esteticamente, restaurações dentárias se tornam necessárias. Materiais focados na habilidade de interagir com o tecido dentário erodido associados com sua resistência aos desafios erosivos contínuos subsequentes são desejáveis. A tecnologia Giomer baseada em partículas S-PRG (superfície de vidro pré-reativo) foi lançada no mercado para oferecer benefícios para o tratamento odontológico devido ao seu sistema inovador de liberação multi-iônica, que envolve o flúor. Esse caso clínico descreve o uso de materiais preventivo e restaurador baseados nessa tecnologia em um paciente em desafio erosivo e com queixa de sensibilidade. O paciente relatou redução imediata da sensibilidade e as restaurações foram acompanhadas por 2 anos apresentando desempenho satisfatório. Sistemas baseados em S-PRG se mostram promissores para manejo preventivo e terapêutico do DDE empregados simultaneamente à colaboração do paciente.(AU)

Dentin bond strength evaluation between a conventional and universal adhesive using etch-and-rinse strategy

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) and the characteristics of the adhesive interface of Scotchbond Universal - SU ­ etch-and-rise mode (3M ESPE) and Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose - MP (3M ESPE) to dentin over time. Methods: Class I cavity preparations were performed in 60 human molars that were randomly divided according to the dentin bonding system (DBS) used (n=30): (1) Acid conditioning + SU and (2) Acid conditioning + MP. For bonding strength (BS) analysis, 30 teeth (n = 15) were sectioned into sticks and submitted to the microtensile test in a universal testing machine after 24 hours and 12 months. The adhesive interface of the others 30 teeth was analyzed in a confocal microscope after 24 hours and 12 months. The data of µTBS were analyzed by two-way repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's HSD (α = 0.05). Results: SU presented the lowest DBS compared to MP (p=0.000). Time did not influenced DBS for both adhesive systems (p=0.177). Confocal microscopy analysis showed no cracks between both adhesive systems tested. Conclusion: The results indicate that MP - µTBS showed a better performance compared to SU in total-etch mode

Root caries lesions inhibition and repair using commercial high-fluoride toothpastes with or without tri-calcium phosphate and conventional toothpastes containing or not 1.5% arginine CaCO3: an in situ investigation.

OBJECTIVES: This double-blind, crossover, and in situ study evaluated the effect of commercial high-F toothpastes with or without functionalized ß-tri-calcium phosphate (fTCP) and conventional-F toothpaste containing or not 1.5% arginine-CaCO3 in preventing and repairing root caries-like lesions. METHODS: Twelve volunteers wore palatal appliances containing sound (S) and pre-demineralized (PD) bovine root dentin blocks in 4 phases of 14 days/each. They used F toothpastes, 3×/day: (i) 1,450 µg F/g (conventional-F); (ii) 1,450 µg F/g + 1.5% arginine-CaCO3 (conventional-F + arginine/CaCO3); (iii) 5,000 µg F/g (high-F); and (iv) 5,000 µg F/g (high-F + fTCP). Sucrose solution (20%) was dropped 8×/day on the S blocks. The demineralization in the S blocks and the remineralization in the PD ones were estimated by % of surface hardness difference (%SH-S) and % of SH recovery (%SHR-PD), respectively. Caries lesion area (ΔS) was determined in the blocks. Statistical analyses were performed by one-way ANOVA/Kruskal-Wallis and multiple comparisons tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Both high-F toothpastes presented similar effect to prevent early caries lesions and it was higher than conventional-F + arginine/CaCO3. All treatments resulted in significantly lower ΔS values compared with conventional-F toothpaste (p < 0.0001). High-F + fTCP showed non-significantly higher preventive and reversible effect compared to high-F. The effect of conventional-F + arginine/CaCO3 was similar to high-F and lower than high-F + fTCP in preventing and reverting in-deep caries lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, high-F toothpastes seem to be more effective and interesting feasible strategy for both prevention and remineralization actions in root dentin. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: With the trend of increasing dentin root caries, this study brings new evidences about the preventive and repair effect of high-F toothpastes with or without fTCP in root caries and support the use of arginine in toothpastes.

Caso clínico de confecção de laminados cerâmicos minimamente invasivos: importância do domínio do sistema CAD-CAM como um dos fatores de sucesso / Case report of manufacturing of minimally invasive ceramic laminates: importance of the CAD-CAM system domain as one of the success factors

Atualmente, os procedimentos minimamente invasivos vêm sendo cada vez mais realizados, tanto para restaurações diretas quanto para restaurações indiretas. O surgimento dos laminados cerâmicos minimamente invasivos, comumente conhecidos como "lentes de contatos", permitem a confecção de restaurações cerâmicas com o mínimo de espessura para a cimentação. O sistema CAD/CAM possui muitas vantagens sendo possível confeccionar uma restauração indireta em poucos minutos, diminuindo etapas laboratoriais e, principalmente, a possibilidade de fresar restaurações cerâmicas com pouca espessura. No entanto, o conhecimento e o treinamento prático para utilização desse sistema são fundamentais para o sucesso clínico em casos de facetas minimamente invasivas. O presente relato de caso clínico destaca o insucesso de restaurações minimamente invasivas em dentes anteriores inferiores confeccionadas pelo sistema CAD/CAM e discute a necessidade do conhecimento do software do sistema para evitar o fracasso das restaurações (AU).

Nowadays, the minimally invasive procedures have been realized, for direct restorations as well as for indirect restorations. The appearance of the minimally invasive ceramic laminate veneers, commonly known as "contact lens", allow the construction of ceramic restorations with minimum thickness for cementation. The CAD/CAM system has many advantages being possible to make an indirect restoration obtaining in a few minutes, reducing laboratorial steps and, mainly, the possibility of milling a restoration with little thickness. However, the knowledge and the practical training of this system are fundamental to have clinical success in cases of minimally invasive veneer. The present case report emphasizes the failure of minimally invasive restorations in lower anterior teeth made in the CAD/CAM system and discusses the need to know the system software to avoid failure of restorations (AU).

Comparação da resistência de união de diferentes superfícies dentinárias na obtenção dos espécimes para microtração / Effect of different dentin surfaces on the microtensile bond strength values

Com intuito de aumentar a longevidade das restaurações, diversos sistemas adesivos são disponibilizados no mercado e, com isso, muitos estudos são conduzidos, dentre eles, a resistência de união desses sistemas. A maioria dos trabalhos utiliza o teste de microtração. Este teste permite a avaliação de diferentes superfícies, gerando variedade nos resultados obtidos e dificultando a comparação de dados. Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar os valores de resistência de união para as diferentes superfícies de dentina utilizadas em testes de microtração (dentina planificada e dentina de paredes cavitárias, com túbulos dentinários dispostos predominantemente paralelos ou perpendiculares à interface adesiva). Foram utilizados 80 terceiros molares humanos, divididos aleatoriamente em 4 grupos e 2 subgrupos, de acordo com a superfície dentinária de obtenção dos espécimes e do sistema adesivo utilizado: G1 (PO) planificação da face oclusal (baixo fator C); G2 (PV) planificação da face vestibular (baixo fator C); G3 (CP) face pulpar de preparo cavitário oclusal (alto fator C); G4 (CV) face vestibular de preparo oclusal (alto fator C). Dois diferentes sistemas adesivos foram utilizados: convencional de 3 passos Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (3M ESPE) e o autocondicionante de 2 passos Clearfil SE Bond (kuraray), resultando em 8 subgrupos (n=10): POSMp; POCf; PVSMp; PVCf; CPSMp; CPCf; CVSMp; CVCf. A resina composta (Filtek Z250 A3) foi inserida em dois incrementos horizontais. Após 48 horas, os dentes foram seccionados com disco diamantado para a obtenção dos palitos com área de seção transversal de ±0,8mm. Uma fatia de cada subgrupo foi separada para análise em MEV. Os espécimes foram fixados ao dispositivo de microtração tipo Bencor multi T adaptado à máquina de ensaios universal Instron. Uma força de tração com velocidade de 0,5 mm/min utilizando uma célula de carga de 500N foi aplicada. As superfícies fraturadas foram analisadas em Esteromicroscópio...

Microtensile test is usually used to evaluate bond strength values and can be affected by several factors resulting in a diversity of values which makes it difficult to compare data. Flat surfaces dentin are used in most studies. However, specimens from a tooth cavity preparation can be a more realistic model. The aim of this study was to compare ìTBS values of dentin flat surfaces (low C factor) and dentin from cavity preparations (high C fator) and its relation with the direction of the dentin tubules. Eighty extracted caries-free human molars were assigned into 4 groups: OF (occlusal flat surface specimens low C factor); BF (buccal flat surface specimens low C factor); PC (pulp surface of cavity preparations specimens high C factor) and BC (buccal surface of cavity preparations specimens high C factor). Each group was divided into 2 subgroups according to the adhesive system Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (3M ESPE) or Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray), resulting in 8 groups (n=10): OFSMp; OFCf; BFSMp; BFCf; PCSMp; PCCf; BCSMp and BCCf. Two horizontal increments of Filtek Z250 resin were used to restore the teeth. After 48 hours storage, the specimens were sectioned into 0.8 mm beams with diamond disc for microtensile test and submitted to a tensile force in a Universal Testing Machine (Instron) at 0.5mm/min. One slice of each subgroup was randomly selected for MEV. Mean values (MPa±sd) were OFSMp: 44.51±9.28; BFSMp: 56.75±6.58; PCSMp: 27.88±5.71; BCSMp: 32.54±6.11; OFCf: 48.34±8.09; BFCf: 52.51±10.18; PCCf: 23.06±5.93; BCCf: 31.35±4.03. Data were statistically analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukeys test (p<0.05) for each adhesive. The adhesive failures were predominant in all groups. It can be concluded that the microtensile bond strength was influenced by the type of dentin surface and tubules orientation. The specimens obtained from cavity preparations showed reduced ìTBS (p<0.01). Parallel tubules orientation showed...