DIFFERENT SURGICAL METHODS IN COLON ANASTOMOSIS: EXPERIMENTAL STUDY.

AIM: Although many methods have been defined for colonic anastomosis, anastomotic leak still remains important for sepsis control and successful healing. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of conventional suture, polyglactin 910 mesh, and omental flap coverage on healing and anastomotic leak in experimental colonic anastomosis in rats. METHOD: This study was conducted on 18 Wistar rats and the animals were divided into three groups as follows: Group 1: primary suture group; Group 2: primary suture plus polyglactin 910 mesh group; and Group 3: primary suture plus omental flap coverage group. Groups were compared in terms of anastomotic bursting pressure, inflammation, fibroblastic activity, neovascularization, and collagen amount. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference in anastomotic bursting pressure between Groups 1 and 2 and between Groups 1 and 3 (p=0.004, p<0.05). There was a significant difference in fibroblastic activity between Groups 1 and 3 (p=0.011, p<0.05) and between Groups 2 and 3 (p=0.030, p<0.05). There was a significant difference in neovascularization and collagen between Groups 1 and 2 and between Groups 1 and 3 (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: This experimental study found that polyglactin 910 mesh and omental flap coverage for colocolic anastomoses improved the physical strength and healing of the anastomosis compared to conventional hand-stitched anastomoses. The polyglactin may be a safe alternative to 910 mesh in cases where the omental flap coverage cannot be used in the colonic anastomosis.

Urethral Urolithiasis in Male Cattle Treated Using Pneumatic Lithotripsy.

One of the most important problems encountered in cattle breeding is urethral urolithiasis. Urolithiasis can be treated using various methods, but they all carry risks. Thus, a continuous search is being carried out for alternatives in this field. This study aimed to treat urethral urolithiasis in male cattle using pneumatic lithotripsy, a minimally invasive method. The urethra and penile tissues of 20 male cattle of different ages and breeds were obtained from slaughterhouse materials and measured before determining the probe diameters and lengths. The study included 9 male cattle (2 Simmental hybrids, 1 Zavot hybrid, 1 Brown, and 5 Simmental), between 4 months and 2 years of age, diagnosed with urethral urolithiasis. A modified lithotripsy apparatus was used for the pneumatic disintegration of urinary stones. The localization of urinary stones in the urethra was determined by palpation and catheterization. After laying the animal in a lateral position, a lithotripsy probe of appropriate length and diameter was advanced from the external urethral orifice to the site of localization. Once the probe came into contact with the stone, a vibration of 125 bar was applied until the stone was broken. The probe was removed, and the urethral channel was washed with 0.1% iodine solution to remove the shredded urethral stones. Uncomplicated recovery was achieved in all treated cases. In conclusion, pneumatic lithotripsy provided successful results in treating urolithiasis and can be used as an alternative surgical method in cattle. Moreover, the low cost is an additional advantage to breeders.

Different surgical methods in colon anastomosis: experimental study / Diferentes métodos cirúrgicos em anastomose do cólon: estudo experimental

ABSTRACT - BACKGROUND: Although many methods have been defined for colonic anastomosis, anastomotic leak still remains important for sepsis control and successful healing. AIM: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of conventional suture, polyglactin 910 mesh, and omental flap coverage on healing and anastomotic leak in experimental colonic anastomosis in rats. METHOD: This study was conducted on 18 Wistar rats and the animals were divided into three groups as follows: Group 1: primary suture group; Group 2: primary suture plus polyglactin 910 mesh group; and Group 3: primary suture plus omental flap coverage group. Groups were compared in terms of anastomotic bursting pressure, inflammation, fibroblastic activity, neovascularization, and collagen amount. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference in anastomotic bursting pressure between Groups 1 and 2 and between Groups 1 and 3 (p=0.004, p<0.05). There was a significant difference in fibroblastic activity between Groups 1 and 3 (p=0.011, p<0.05) and between Groups 2 and 3 (p=0.030, p<0.05). There was a significant difference in neovascularization and collagen between Groups 1 and 2 and between Groups 1 and 3 (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: This experimental study found that polyglactin 910 mesh and omental flap coverage for colocolic anastomoses improved the physical strength and healing of the anastomosis compared to conventional hand-stitched anastomoses. The polyglactin may be a safe alternative to 910 mesh in cases where the omental flap coverage cannot be used in the colonic anastomosis.

RESUMO - RACIONAL: Embora muitos métodos tenham sido definidos para anastomose colônica, a fistula anastomótica ainda permanece importante para o controle da sepse e a cura bem-sucedida. OBJETIVO: comparar os efeitos da sutura convencional, tela de poliglactina 910 e cobertura de retalho omental na cicatrização e extravasamento anastomótico em anastomose colônica experimental em ratos. MÉTODO: estudo realizado em 18 ratos Wistar, sendo os animais divididos em 3 grupos. Grupo 1: Grupo de sutura primária; Grupo 2: sutura primária com malha de poliglactina 910; Grupo 3: Grupo sutura primária com cobertura de retalho omental. Os grupos foram comparados em termos de pressão de ruptura anastomótica, inflamação, atividade fibroblástica, neovascularização e quantidade de colágeno. RESULTADOS: houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na pressão de ruptura da anastomose entre os Grupos 1 e 2 e os Grupos 1 e 3 (p=0,004, p<0.05). Houve uma diferença significativa na atividade fibroblástica entre os Grupos 1 e 3 (p=0,011, p<0.05) e os Grupos 2 e 3 (p=0,030, p<0.05). Houve uma diferença significativa na neovascularização e colágeno entre os Grupos 1 e 2 e entre os Grupos 1 e 3 (p<0,05, p<0.05). CONCLUSÃO: o estudo experimental demonstrou que a tela de poliglactina 910 e a cobertura do retalho omental para anastomoses colocólicas melhoraram a resistência física e a cicatrização da anastomose em comparação com as anastomoses suturadas manualmente convencionais. A poliglactina pode ser uma alternativa segura à tela 910 nos casos em que a cobertura do retalho omental não pode ser utilizada na anastomose colônica.

The effect of body position on intraocular pressure in calves.

Tonometry is one of the basic diagnostic tests used for the diagnosis of glaucoma and uveitis in veterinary ophthalmology. The Icare® Rebound Tonometer which is a new tonometric device has been shown to be useful in a wide range of species. Eyes (n = 48) of 24 Simmental and Montafon calves with a mean age of 7.5 weeks (2-16 weeks), male and female, were subjected to intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement using the Icare® Rebound Tonometer with calves standing and in lateral recumbency. The mean IOP was measured as 9.02 ± 2.38 mmHg in the right eye and 9.08 ± 2.55 mmHg in the left eye. No age-related change was found in intraocular pressure of the calves between 2 and 16 weeks of age. No difference in IOP values was observed between Simmental and Montafon calves. Body position had no effect on IOP in calves. The Icare® Rebound Tonometer was shown to be a suitable diagnostic device for IOP measurement in calves.

Effect of ozone and methylprednisolone treatment following crush type sciatic nerve injury.

PURPOSE:: To assess and compare the histopathological effects of ozone therapy and/or methylprednisolone (MPS) treatment on regeneration after crush type sciatic nerve injury. METHODS:: Forty Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly allocated into four groups. Four groups received the following regimens intraperitoneally every day for 14 days after formation of crush type injury on sciatic nerve: Group I: ozone (20mcg/ml); Group II: methylprednisolone (2mg/kg); Group III: ozone (20 mcg/ml) and methylprednisolone (2mg/kg); Group IV: isotonic saline (0.9%). The histomorphological evaluation was made after biopsies were obtained from the sites of injury. RESULTS:: Significant differences were noted between groups in terms of degeneration (p=0.019), nerve sheath cell atrophy (p=0.012), intraneural inflammatory cellular infiltration (p=0.002), perineural granulation tissue formation (p=0.019), perineural vascular proliferation (p=0.004), perineural inflammatory cellular infiltration (p<0.001) and inflammation in peripheral tissue (p=0.006). Degeneration was remarkably low in Group III, while no change in nerve sheath cell was noted in Group II. CONCLUSION:: The combined use of methylprednisolone and ozone treatment can have beneficial effects for regeneration after crush type nerve injury.

Effect of ozone and methylprednisolone treatment following crush type sciatic nerve injury

ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To assess and compare the histopathological effects of ozone therapy and/or methylprednisolone (MPS) treatment on regeneration after crush type sciatic nerve injury. METHODS: Forty Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly allocated into four groups. Four groups received the following regimens intraperitoneally every day for 14 days after formation of crush type injury on sciatic nerve: Group I: ozone (20mcg/ml); Group II: methylprednisolone (2mg/kg); Group III: ozone (20 mcg/ml) and methylprednisolone (2mg/kg); Group IV: isotonic saline (0.9%). The histomorphological evaluation was made after biopsies were obtained from the sites of injury. RESULTS: Significant differences were noted between groups in terms of degeneration (p=0.019), nerve sheath cell atrophy (p=0.012), intraneural inflammatory cellular infiltration (p=0.002), perineural granulation tissue formation (p=0.019), perineural vascular proliferation (p=0.004), perineural inflammatory cellular infiltration (p<0.001) and inflammation in peripheral tissue (p=0.006). Degeneration was remarkably low in Group III, while no change in nerve sheath cell was noted in Group II. CONCLUSION: The combined use of methylprednisolone and ozone treatment can have beneficial effects for regeneration after crush type nerve injury.

Diagnosis and Surgical Management of Congenital Laxity of the Fibularis Musculotendinous Unit Resulting in Hyperextension of the Tarsus in 14 Calves.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the diagnosis and surgical management of congenital laxity of the fibularis tendon resulting in hyperextension of the tarsus in calves. STUDY DESIGN: Case series. ANIMALS: Fourteen calves (3 unilateral, 11 bilateral) diagnosed with congenital tarsal instability caused by laxity of the fibularis musculotendinous unit resulting in hyperextension of the tarsus. METHODS: Diagnosis was made by clinical and radiologic assessments. The tarsus was surgically prepared and an incision made on the dorsal surface of the tarsus after intrathecal anesthesia with the calf sedated. A locking-loop suture (4 loops) was applied to the fibularis tendon using polyglactin 910. The free ends of the suture were then tied to the shank of a cortical bone screw inserted in the proximal metatarsus. RESULTS: The calves were evaluated on postoperative days 15, 30, and 60 and were walking normally. CONCLUSION: Congenital tarsal instability because of laxity of the fibularis musculotendoninous unit is described and surgical treatment directed at shortening the tendon shows promising results.

CO2 Flow Dynamics of Bladder Injury During Laparoscopy and the Effect of the Content of the Abdominal Viscera During Injury--Experimental Study.

BACKGROUND: Despite the well-known and easily recognizable signs of bladder injury during laparoscopy, some injuries remain unnoticed. Intra-operative diagnosis of a urinary bladder injury provides the opportunity to repair and prevent later complications involving the formation of fistula, infection, ascites and impairment of renal function. Small and unrecognized bladder injuries increase the chance of morbidity and permanent organ dysfunctions. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to evaluate the CO2 flow dynamics of bladder injury occurring during laparoscopy and the effect of the content of the abdominal viscera during injury. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study involved eight male New Zealand rabbits. Following urinary catheterization of the rabbits with an 8-gauge urinary catheter connected securely to a urinary drainage bag, pneumoperitoneum was created at a pressure level of 12 mm Hg. The experiment consisted of three phases. After the observational phase (Phase 1), the anterior wall of the urinary bladder was perforated with the tip of a 21 G needle (Phase 2) and methylene blue was administrated to evaluate the CO2 flow dynamics (Phase 3). RESULTS: The amount of CO2 consumption and accumulation in the urinary drainage bags differed significantly among the three phases of the experiment (p<0.05). There was no CO2 consumption or accumulation in the urinary drainage bags during Phase 1. The amount of CO2 consumption and accumulation in the urinary drainage bags during Phase 2 was significantly higher than during Phase 3. CONCLUSIONS: Urinary catheterization helps in the diagnosis of small or unnoticed urinary bladder injuries occurring during laparoscopy. CO2 flow and consumption is lower if the viscosity of the content overlying the injury site is higher.