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1.
Neotrop Entomol ; 40(3): 368-74, 2011.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21710032

ABSTRACT

Microbial insecticides for cockroach control, such as those containing entomopathogenic fungi, may be an alternative to reduce contamination by chemicals in housing and food storage environments. Virulence of isolate ESALQ1037 belonging to the Metarhizium anisopliae complex against nymphs and adults of Blattella germanica (L.), and its infectivity following exposure of insects to a contaminated surface or to M. anisopliae-bait were determined under laboratory conditions. Estimated LD50 15 d following topical inoculation was 2.69 x 10(5) conidia per adult, whereas for nymphs the maximum mortality was lower than 50%. Baits amended with M. anisopliae conidia had no repellent effect on targets; adult mortality was inferior to 25%, and nymphs were not susceptible. All conidia found in the digestive tract of M. anisopliae-bait fed cockroaches were unviable, and bait-treated insects that succumbed to fungal infection showed a typical mycelial growth on mouthparts and front legs, but not on the hind body parts. As opposed to baits, the use of a M. anisopliae powdery formulation for surface treatment was effective in attaining high mortality rates of B. germanica. Both nymphs and adults were infected when this delivery strategy was used, and mycelia growth occurred all over the body surface. Our results suggest that the development of powders or similar formulations of M. anisopliae to control B. germanica may provide faster and better results than some of the strategies based on baits currently available.


Subject(s)
Blattellidae/microbiology , Metarhizium , Pest Control, Biological/methods , Animals , Nymph/microbiology
2.
Arq. Inst. Biol ; 76(2)2009.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1462034

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to evaluate the pathogenicity of several species of entomopathogenic fungi against 2nd to 4th instars of Diaphorina citri. Bioassays were carried out with Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Lecanicillium muscarum, L. longisporum, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, P. farinosus and Syngliocladium sp. in a 5 x 107 conidia/mL concentration. The concentration used for the Hirsutella thompsonii strain was 2.8 x 107 conidia/mL. Seedlings of orange jasmine, Murraya paniculata, infested with nymphs of the insect, were sprayed with the conidia suspensions. The fungi B. bassiana, M. anisopliae, H. thompsonii, L. longisporum and P. fumosoroseus were pathogenic to the nymphs. The strain of B. bassiana (Esalq-PL63) was the most pathogenic, causing 72% of mortality at 7 days postinoculation. This strain did not complete its development in the host because the conidiogenesis was inhibited. However, it is a potential microbial control agent against D. citri nymphs, affecting their physiology and causing high mortality.


RESUMO Avaliou-se a patogenicidade de diversas espécies de fungos entomopatogênicos a ninfas de 2o a 4o ínstares do psilídeo Diaphorina citri. Foram feitos bioensaios com Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Lecanicillium muscarum, L. longisporum, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, P. farinosus, Syngliocladium sp. na concentração de 5 x 107 conídios/mL para cada patógeno, com exceção de Hirsutella thompsonii que foi aplicado na concentração de 2,8 x 107 conídios/mL. Utilizaram-se mudas de murta, Murraya paniculata, infestadas com as ninfas do inseto que foram pulverizadas com as suspensões conidiais dos patógenos. Os fungos B. bassiana, M. anisopliae, H. thompsonii, L. muscarum e P. fumosoroseus foram patogênicos para as ninfas do psilídeo. O isolado Esalq-PL63, de B. bassiana, causou mortalidade de aproximadamente 72% das ninfas, sete dias após a inoculação. Constatou-se que B. bassiananão conseguiu completar o desenvolvimento no corpo do hospedeiro, uma vez que a fase de conidiogênese não ocorreu. Mesmo assim, o isolado Esalq-PL63 pode ser considerado um promissor agente de controle microbiano de ninfas de D. citri por causar altos índices de mortalidade.

3.
Arq. Inst. Biol ; 76(4)2009.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1462083

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to study the foraging activity of the termite Heterotermes tenuis in the region of Piracicaba, State of São Paulo, Brazil, using the Termitrap® trap. The experiments were installed in different areas of Retiro Farm. At area 1, 40 traps were installed at 10-meter intervals, in X distribution, throughout all the area, which measured 2,500 m2. At area 2, with the same dimension, 30 traps were installed, the same as in area 1, but in Z distribution. The traps were made of corrugated cardboard with a height of 15 cm and diameter of 8 cm. The evaluations were made every week for 24 months (19921993) in area 1 and for 32 months (19931995) in area 2. In area 1 a correlation was verified between the population of termites and rainfall and temperature. In area 2 the termites population was correlated only with temperature. The total reform of the sugarcane crop with mechanical techniques influenced in the foraging and galleries of H. tenuis, but did not affect the pest control.


RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a atividade de forrageamento de Heterotermes tenuis na região de Piracicaba, SP, Brasil, utilizando a armadilha Termitrap® na cultura da cana-de-açúcar. Os experimentos foram instalados em áreas diferentes na fazenda Retiro. Na área 1 foram utilizados 2.500 m2, onde foram instaladas 40 armadilhas Termitrap® a cada 10 metros, num caminhamento em forma de X, cobrindo toda a área. Na área 2, com a mesma dimensão, foram instaladas 30 armadilhas, como na área 1, mas num caminhamento em forma de Z. As armadilhas Termitrap® foram elaboradas de papelão corrugado, enrolando-se um pedaço de 15 x 150 cm formando um cilindro com 15 cm de altura e oito cm de diâmetro. As avaliações foram realizadas, semanalmente, durante 24 meses (1992-1993) na área 1 e durante 32 meses na área 2 (1993-1995). Na área 1 verificou-se uma alta correlação entre o aumento da população de operários e soldados coletados nas armadilhas com o aumento da precipitação pluviométrica e da temperatura e na área 2 houve correlação positiva apenas com a temperatura. A reforma total da área do canavial, com ações mecânicas de aração e gradagem, influenciou no forrageamento e galerias de H. tenuis, porém não no controle da praga.

4.
Arq. Inst. Biol ; 76(4)2009.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1462084

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The host insects of the fungus Aschersonia sp. are restricted to the Aleyrodidae and Coccidae families of the Hemiptera order. The present study was aimed at evaluating, through bioessays with different concentrations of the fungi, the effect of this fungus, in-vitro, on different developmental stages of Aleurocanthus woglumi, thus testing it as a potential biological control agent. Aschersonia cf. aleyrodis proved more efficient in the control of A. woglumi at higher concentrations, from 2.3 x 107 conidia/mL, turning out to be a good biological control agent of this pest. Although it presented slow growth in the culture medium tested, Aschersonia cf. aleyrodis proved to be efficient in the control of citrus blackfly. The highest mortalities occurred in the youngest stages of A. woglumi as an egg, and at the second and first nymph stages, there being no statistical difference between them. The lowest mortality occurred at the fourth nymph stage. The mortalities at the egg stage, and at the first, second and third nymph stages (but not the fourth), began on the fourth day after A. cf. aleyrodis inoculation, with peaks of mortality on the tenth day.


RESUMO Os insetos hospedeiros do fungo Aschersonia sp. estão restritos às famílias Aleyrodidae e Coccidae, da ordem Hemiptera. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito, in vitro, desse fungo, nos diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento da mosca-negra-dos-citros, A. woglumi, como potencial agente de controle biológico, através de bioensaios com diferentes concentrações de inóculo do fungo. A melhor eficiência de controle foi constatada em concentrações mais elevadas, a partir de 2,3 x 107 conídios/mL, revelando-se como um bom agente de controle biológico dessa praga. Embora tenha apresentado crescimento lento no meio de cultura testado, Aschersonia cf. aleyrodis mostrou-se eficiente no controle da mosca-negra-dos-citros. As maiores mortalidades ocorreram nas fases mais jovens de A. woglumi como ovo, ninfa 2 e ninfa 1, não havendo diferença estatística entre elas. No estádio de ninfa 4, ocorreu a menor mortalidade. As mortalidades nas fases de ovo, ninfas 1, 2 e 3, com exceção da ninfa 4, se iniciaram no quarto dia após a inoculação de A. cf. aleyrodis, com acmes de mortalidade no 10º dia.

5.
Horm Metab Res ; 40(4): 276-80, 2008 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18548387

ABSTRACT

Thyroid dysfunction can compromise physical capacity. Here, we analyze the effects of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism on maximum swim time in rats subjected to acute forced swimming, as an indicator of anaerobic capacity. Animals were forced to swim against a load (5% of body weight) attached to the tail and were killed 48 hours after the last test. Hyperthyroid rats were treated with thyroxine (50 mug/100 g body weight, i. p. for 7 days). The hypothyroid group received 0.03% methimazole in the drinking water for 4 weeks. Thyroid state was confirmed by alterations in serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and liver mitochondrial glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase (mGPD) activity. Hyperthyroid rats presented significantly lower visceral fat mass (VFM) and higher food intake (p<0.05) with unchanged body weight. Maximum swim time (MST), glycogen content (skeletal muscle and liver), and leptin levels were lower while corticosterone was higher (p<0.05). In hypothyroid rats body weight was lower (p<0.05), without changes in VFM. Tested at 7-day intervals, MST was lower for tests 2, 3, and 4 (p<0.05). Muscle glycogen was higher in extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus (p<0.05), without changes in liver. Serum corticosterone was lower, while leptin was higher (p<0.05). These results suggest that in hyperthyroid and hypothyroid rats, thyroid hormones together with corticosterone and/or leptin may impair exercise capacity differently through its known effects on glycogen metabolism.


Subject(s)
Exercise Tolerance/physiology , Hyperthyroidism/physiopathology , Hypothyroidism/physiopathology , Swimming/physiology , Animals , Body Composition/physiology , Corticosterone/blood , Eating/physiology , Glycogen/metabolism , Leptin/blood , Liver Glycogen/metabolism , Male , Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism , Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Thyrotropin/blood , Thyroxine/blood
6.
Horm Metab Res ; 40(1): 1-7, 2008 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18197581

ABSTRACT

Several authors have shown that secondary hypothyroidism was programed by neonatal thyroxine (T4) treatment. However, the associated changes of body weight (BW) were less studied, especially those related to the body fat proportion. Here, we have evaluated the effect of neonatal thyroxine treatment on BW, fat proportion, serum leptin, and thyroid function of 60-day-old rats. Wistar rats were treated with thyroxine (50 microg/100 g BW, ip) (T) or saline (S), during the first 10 days of life. BW, nose-rump length (NRL), and food consumption were monitored for 60 days, when the animals were sacrificed. Thyroid function was evaluated by thyroid radioiodine uptake (RAIU), serum T3, T4, TSH, and liver mitochondrial alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (mGPD) and type 1 and 2 deiodinases (D1 and D2) activities, which are thyroid hormone-dependent enzymes. T animals showed lower food intake, BW and NRL, but higher total fat mass (+33%) and serum leptin (+46%). They also showed lower serum T3 (-23%), T4 (-32%), TSH (-36%), RAIU (-29%) and mGPD activity (-22%). Hypothalamic and pituitary D2 activities were higher (+24% and 1.4 fold, respectively), while brown adipose tissue (BAT) D2 and skeletal muscle D1 activities were lower (-30% and -62%, respectively). Thus, neonatal hyperthyroidism programs for a higher fat proportion and hyperleptinemia, which can explain the lower food intake. The TH-dependent enzymes activities changed accordingly, except for the decrease in BAT D2, which may be due the role played by the hyperleptinemia. Finally, the decrease in peripheral deiodination may contribute to a lower me-tabolic rate that may increase the adiposity.


Subject(s)
Body Weight , Hyperthyroidism/enzymology , Hyperthyroidism/physiopathology , Iodide Peroxidase/metabolism , Leptin/metabolism , Thyroid Function Tests , Adipose Tissue/enzymology , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Body Weight/drug effects , Female , Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Lactation/drug effects , Leptin/blood , Male , Mitochondria, Liver/drug effects , Mitochondria, Liver/enzymology , Muscles/drug effects , Muscles/enzymology , Pituitary Gland/drug effects , Pituitary Gland/enzymology , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Thyrotropin/blood , Thyroxine/blood , Thyroxine/pharmacology , Triiodothyronine/blood
7.
Arq. Inst. Biol ; 75(4)2008.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1461970

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to genetically characterize 1,073 isolates of B. thuringiensis, from three Brazilian collections UNESP/Jaboticabal, ESALQ/Piracicaba and EMBRAPA/Sete Lagoas with the main emphasis on the analysis of the cry1 gene types presented by these isolates. To achieve this purpose, oligonucleotide primers were designed based on 16 conserved and 4 unconserved regions of the corresponding sequences from each one of the 16 subclasses of the cry1 set of genes and used in PCR amplification assays. These sequences were amplified and the presence of amplicons for each subclass was evaluated in terms of percentage of gene type per bacterial collection. As a result, 55.7% of the isolates reacted to the primer Gral cry1, and the subclasses cry1Aa, cry1Ab, cry1Ac, cry1Ad, cry1Ae, cry1Af, cry1Ag, cry1Bf, cry1Ca and cry1Fa were detected in high percentages among the isolates ranging from 43.4 to 54.9%. A subclass distribution was observed among the set of isolates from these collections, with the greater percentage of isolates harboring the cry1Ab (42.12%) and the lowest percentage for thecry1Db subclass (0.6%). The genetic variability of the analyzed bacterial collections seems to indicate the ESALQ/Piracicaba and the UNESP/Jaboticabal subsets as sources of promising isolates for the control of Lepidoptera pest insects. For the EMBRAPA/Sete Lagoas subset of isolates, in which the evaluated subclasses frequencies were considered low (below 20%), the cry1B was the most frequently observed gene type present in 38.5% of the isolates.


RESUMO O presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar geneticamente 1.073 isolados de Bacillus thuringiensis, de três coleções brasileiras, provenientes da UNESP, Jaboticabal, da ESALQ/ Piracicaba e da EMBRAPA. Sete Lagoas, analisando os tipos de genes cry1 apresentados pelos isolados. Para isso, foram elaborados oligonucleotídeos iniciadores a partir de 16 regiões conservadas e 4 regiões não conservadas das seqüências de cada uma das 16 subclasses do gene cry1. Essas seqüências foram amplificadas por PCR e a presença de amplicons para cada subclasse foi calculada em porcentagem por gene e por coleção. Nessa análise, 55,7% dos isolados apresentaram amplificação para o gene cry1, e as subclassescry1Aa, cry1Ab, cry1Ac, cry1Ad, cry1Ae, cry1Af, cry1Ag, e cry1Bf, cry1Ca e cry1Fa estão presentes em alta proporção de isolados, variando de 43,4% a 54,9%. Verificou-se que existe uma distribuição das subclasses dentro do banco de isolados de B. thuringiensis em estudo, com maior porcentagem de isolados portadores dos genes cry1Ab (42,12%) e com menor porcentagem de representantes da subclasse cry1Db (0,6%). A variabilidade gênica, nas coleções analisadas, destaca as coleções de Jaboticabal e Piracicaba como fontes de isolados promissores para uso em programas de Controle Biológico de pragas da ordem Lepidoptera. A coleção de Sete Lagoas, na qual as freqüências das subclasses estudadas foram relativamente baixas (abaixo de 20%), destaca somente o gene cry1Ab, presente em 38,5% dos isolados desta coleção.

8.
Arq. Inst. Biol ; 75(4)2008.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1461979

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The effect of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin on Astyanax scabripinnis (Jenyns, 1842) (Pisces, Characidae) under laboratory conditions was evaluated. Aqueous conidial suspensions either with a minimum viability of 90% or containing conidia rendered unviable by autoclaving were applied in fish tanks containing A. scabripinnis, at the concentration of 6.5 × 1010 conidia/fish tank (equivalent to 5 × 1015 conidia/ha, which represents 1000 times the recommended concentration for the control of pasture spittlebugs, the main target pest of this entomopathogen in Brazil). Water and fish samples were analyzed; the fish gills and stomachs were dissected at different time intervals to evaluate the presence of conidia. Fish behavior and mortality were observed daily in both treatments. The morphology of gill and liver cells was evaluated in the surviving fish. No changes in the number of conidia were verified in the gills throughout 16 days of contact; in the stomach, there was a slight initial increase followed by a steady reduction. Conidial viability decreased in all places evaluated 24 hours after application. No fish death or any behavioral alterations occurred after 30 days of contact, indicating the absence of adverse effects associated with the entomopathogen on the test organisms. The absence of signs of infectivity and other adverse effects are a further indication in favor of the use of M. anisopliae as a biopesticide.


RESUMO Avaliou-se o efeito de Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) para Astyanax scabripinnis (Jenyns, 1842) (Pisces, Characidae), em condições de laboratório. Suspensões aquosas de conídios recémproduzidos, viáveis (viabilidade mínima 90%) e inviabilizados por meio de autoclavagem (121º C, 20 minutos, a 1 atm), na concentração de 6,5 x 1010 conídios/aquário (equivalente a 5 x 1015 conídios/ ha, que representa 1.000 vezes a concentração recomendada para o controle de cigarrinhas de pastagens, principal praga-alvo deste entomopatógeno no Brasil), foram aplicadas em aquários contendo A. scabripinnis . Foram analisadas amostras de água e dos peixes, dos quais foram dissecados as brânquias e o estômago, em diferentes intervalos de tempo, a fim de se avaliar a presença dos conídios. Observaram-se diariamente o comportamento e a mortalidade de peixes em ambos os tratamentos. Avaliou-se nos peixes sobreviventes a morfologia das células das brânquias e do fígado. Verificou-se que nas brânquias não houve alteração no número de conídios ao longo de 16 dias de contato, sendo que no estômago houve um ligeiro acréscimo inicial seguido de redução constante. A viabilidade dos conídios em todos os locais avaliados decresceu após 24 horas da aplicação. Constatou-se que não houve morte ou quaisquer alterações comportamentais após 30 dias de contato, indicando a ausência de efeitos adversos associados à capacidade do fungo em provocar infecção ou exercer efeitos tóxicos em ambos os organismos-teste.

9.
Horm Metab Res ; 39(12): 867-70, 2007 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17973206

ABSTRACT

Leptin modulates the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis and peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones (THs). We have studied the effect of acute and chronic leptin treatment upon liver mitochondrial glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase activity (mGPD), whose expression and activity are TH dependent. We performed 2 experiments: 1) acute leptin treatment - LepA: adult rats received a single leptin injection (8 microg/100 g BW); 2) chronic leptin treatment - LepC: adult rats received leptin (8 microg/100 g BW) daily, for 6 days. In both experiments, control groups were saline-treated. All rats were sacrificed 2 hours after the last dose. Liver mGPD activity was determined by colorimetric method. Liver D1 activity was measured by the release of (125)I from (125)I-rT3. Serum hormones were measured by RIA. LepA rats showed higher serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (+ 64%, p<0.05), free T4 (+ 34%, p<0.05), free T3 (+ 64%, p<0.05), and liver D1 activity (+ 85%, p<0.05), but no change in mGPD activity. Since THs increase mGPD activity, the unchanged level in the acute experiment is suggestive of an inhibitory role of leptin. LepC rats presented lower mGPD activity (-1.7-fold, p<0.05) and higher liver D1 activity (+ 32%, p<0.05), but no alteration in serum TSH and free THs. Our results show that leptin downregulates mGPD activity, mainly when hyperleptinemia is chronic.


Subject(s)
Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase/antagonists & inhibitors , Leptin/administration & dosage , Leptin/pharmacology , Mitochondria, Liver/drug effects , Mitochondria, Liver/enzymology , Thyroid Gland/physiology , Animals , Feeding Behavior/drug effects , Male , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Thyroid Hormones/blood
10.
Horm Metab Res ; 38(12): 827-31, 2006 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17163359

ABSTRACT

Hormones and malnutrition can imprint several changes in the beginning of life that programs homeostatic changes in the adulthood. We analyzed the thyroid function in 21, 30, 60 and 150 days old animals that were injected with leptin on the first 10 days of life, to determine whether this corresponds to a critical period for the establishment of the hormonal imprinting in the programming of the thyroid function. Pups were divided, within 24 hours of birth, into two groups: Lep group, which was injected once daily with 8 microg/100 g B.W. of recombinant mouse leptin for the first 10 days of lactation, and C-control group that received the same volume of saline. Lep group had higher leptin concentration at days 30 (+6 x , p<0.001) and 150 (+108%, p<0.05) than the controls. These animals had lower serum TT4 (-13%; p<0.05) and TT3 (-17.3%; p<0.002) at 30 days and higher serum TT4 and FT4 concentrations at 150 days (+17.5% and +10%, p<0.05 %, respectively, p<0.05) with lower serum TSH concentrations at 60 (-38.5%, p<0.05) and 150 days (-46%, p<0.05). These animals had also lower hepatic mitochondrial alpha-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (mGPDH) activity at 21 (-22.5%; p<0.05), 30 (-50.4%; p<0.05) and 150 days (-40%; p<0.05) than the controls. These data show that the leptin injection in the beginning of lactation cause a hypothyroidism on the offspring as soon as 30 days of age and this alteration may be the imprinted factor for the programming of a higher thyroid function at the adulthood.


Subject(s)
Leptin/pharmacology , Thyroid Gland/drug effects , Age Factors , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Body Weight/drug effects , Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases/metabolism , Leptin/blood , Male , Rats , Thyroid Gland/physiology , Thyrotropin/blood , Thyroxine/blood , Triiodothyronine/blood
11.
Arq. Inst. Biol ; 73(1)2006.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1461780

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Diatomaceous earth (DE) is an inert dust formed by milling of fossilized remains of phytoplankton (diatoms), composed of silicon dioxide, commonly used for the control of insects infesting stored products. Damage occurs to the cuticle of the insects, by sorption and/or abrasion of the protective wax coat, resulting in death by stress and the excessive loss of water through desiccation. This study was carried out with the aim to evaluate, for the first time, the action of DE on the lesser mealworm for future utilization in a control program of this insect. For the experiment, DE was mixed with chicken food (1, 2 and 3g DE/kg of chicken food) and with poultry litter (86 and 172 g DE/m2), and adults were exposed for 10 days at 26 and 32°C. The insecticidal activity of the DE was verified for all concentrations and both temperatures. When DE was applied on the litter there was 49.1 and 78.1% of mortality, respectively, at 86 and 172 g/m2, showing the potential for the control of the lesser mealworm.


RESUMO A terra de diatomácea (TD) é um pó inerte proveniente da moagem de depósitos fossilizados de algas fitoplanctônicas (diatomáceas), à base de dióxido de sílica, que vem sendo utilizada no controle de pragas de grãos armazenados. Atua por adsorção e/ou abrasão das partículas na cutícula dos insetos, removendo os lipídeos epicuticulares, levando o inseto à morte por estresse e desidratação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar pela primeira vez a ação de TD contra o cascudinho-dos-aviários, visando sua utilização no seu controle. O teste foi realizado misturando-se a TD na ração para aves (1, 2 e 3 g TD/kg ração), sendo também aplicada na cama de aviário (86 e 172 g TD/m2), sendo os adultos expostos durante 10 dias a 26 e 32° C. Constatou-se ação inseticida do produto, independente da concentração e da temperatura. Além disso, quando aplicada na cama a TD provocou 78,1 e 49,1% de mortalidade, respectivamente para concentração de equivalente a 172 e 86 g/m2, indicando o potencial para utilização.

13.
Sci. agric. ; 55(3)1998.
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: vti-439140

ABSTRACT

The attractiveness of seventeen products with high cellulose content to the subterranean termite Heterotermes tenuis (H.,1858), an important sugarcane pest in Brazil, was studied in sugarcane areas. Using TermitrapR baits, colonies of the insect were localized in the field. Seventeen products (dry sugarcane bagasse "in natura"-T1; sugarcane bagasse + shredded corrugated fiberboard-T2; sugarcane bagasse + refined sugar-T3; sugarcane bagasse + shredded corrugated fiberboard + refined sugar-T4; decomposed sugarcane bagasse-T5; decomposed sugarcane bagasse + shredded corrugated fiberboard-T6; decomposed sugarcane bagasse + refined sugar-T7; decomposed sugarcane bagasse + shredded corrugated fiberboard + refined sugar-T8; filtercake "in natura"-T9; filtercake decomposed-T10; grounded maize-T11; fresh and dry cowdung-T12; shredded corrugated fiberboard-T13; shredded paper towel-T14; pine sawdust-T15; used shredded corrugated fiberboard -T16; shredded cellulose-T17) were placed in previously recognized foraging points, and by applying a note scale of zero to three, according to the number of termites collected, the most attractive products were selected, in a decreasing order: T12, T11, T1, T6, T3, T16 and T17.


Estudou-se em condições de campo a atratividade ao cupim subterrâneo Heterotermes tenuis (H.,1858), importante praga da cana-de-açúcar no Brasil, de dezessete produtos com alto teor celulósico (bagaço de cana-de-açúcar "in natura"-T1; bagaço de cana + papelão ondulado picado-T2; bagaço de cana + açúcar refinado-T3; bagaço de cana + açúcar refinado + papelão picado-T4; bagaço de cana-de-açúcar decomposto-T5; bagaço decomposto + papelão picado-T6; bagaço decomposto + açúcar refinado-T7; bagaço decomposto + papelão picado + açúcar refinado-T8; torta de filtro "in natura"-T9; torta de filtro decomposta-T10; rolão de milho-T11; fezes frescas e secas de bovino-T12; papelão ondulado picado-T13; papel toalha picado-T14; serragem de pinus-T15; papelão ondulado usado picado-T16; celulose picada-T17). Usando-se a isca TermitrapR localizaram-se os focos do inseto no campo e, através de uma escala de notas, de zero a três, para a quantidade de cupins encontrados nas iscas, selecionaram-se os produtos mais atrativos, que foram em ordem decrescente: T12, T11, T1, T6, T3, T16, e T17.

14.
Sci. agric ; 55(3)1998.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1495703

ABSTRACT

The attractiveness of seventeen products with high cellulose content to the subterranean termite Heterotermes tenuis (H.,1858), an important sugarcane pest in Brazil, was studied in sugarcane areas. Using TermitrapR baits, colonies of the insect were localized in the field. Seventeen products (dry sugarcane bagasse "in natura"-T1; sugarcane bagasse + shredded corrugated fiberboard-T2; sugarcane bagasse + refined sugar-T3; sugarcane bagasse + shredded corrugated fiberboard + refined sugar-T4; decomposed sugarcane bagasse-T5; decomposed sugarcane bagasse + shredded corrugated fiberboard-T6; decomposed sugarcane bagasse + refined sugar-T7; decomposed sugarcane bagasse + shredded corrugated fiberboard + refined sugar-T8; filtercake "in natura"-T9; filtercake decomposed-T10; grounded maize-T11; fresh and dry cowdung-T12; shredded corrugated fiberboard-T13; shredded paper towel-T14; pine sawdust-T15; used shredded corrugated fiberboard -T16; shredded cellulose-T17) were placed in previously recognized foraging points, and by applying a note scale of zero to three, according to the number of termites collected, the most attractive products were selected, in a decreasing order: T12, T11, T1, T6, T3, T16 and T17.


Estudou-se em condições de campo a atratividade ao cupim subterrâneo Heterotermes tenuis (H.,1858), importante praga da cana-de-açúcar no Brasil, de dezessete produtos com alto teor celulósico (bagaço de cana-de-açúcar "in natura"-T1; bagaço de cana + papelão ondulado picado-T2; bagaço de cana + açúcar refinado-T3; bagaço de cana + açúcar refinado + papelão picado-T4; bagaço de cana-de-açúcar decomposto-T5; bagaço decomposto + papelão picado-T6; bagaço decomposto + açúcar refinado-T7; bagaço decomposto + papelão picado + açúcar refinado-T8; torta de filtro "in natura"-T9; torta de filtro decomposta-T10; rolão de milho-T11; fezes frescas e secas de bovino-T12; papelão ondulado picado-T13; papel toalha picado-T14; serragem de pinus-T15; papelão ondulado usado picado-T16; celulose picada-T17). Usando-se a isca TermitrapR localizaram-se os focos do inseto no campo e, através de uma escala de notas, de zero a três, para a quantidade de cupins encontrados nas iscas, selecionaram-se os produtos mais atrativos, que foram em ordem decrescente: T12, T11, T1, T6, T3, T16, e T17.

15.
Sci. agric. ; 53(1)1996.
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: vti-438987

ABSTRACT

The germination processes of ARS-1590, ARS-1261 and ARS-1229 isolates of Zoophthora radicans (Brefeld) Batko on fifth-instar Empoasca kraemeri (Ross & Moore, 1957) nymphs, at 20ºC and 100% relative humidity were investigated and compared. The primary conidia on the insect germinated within two hours after inoculation for all isolates. The total production of germ tubes tended to be equal to that of capilliconidium on the host body, 12 hours after inoculation. The secondary conidia proportion, among the forms produced by the primary conidia on the insect, did not exceed 25% in all body regions.


Foram analisados e comparados os processos de germinação dos isolados ARS-1590, ARS-1261 e ARS-1229 de Zoophthora radicans (Brefeld) Batko sobre ninfas do 5º ínstar de Empoasca kraemeri (Ross & Moore, 1957) a 20ºC e 100% de umidade relativa (RH). A germinação dos conídios primários dos isolados sobre o inseto iniciou-se dentro do período de duas horas após a inoculação. A produção total de tubos germinativos tendeu a se igualar a de capiloconídios sobre o corpo do hospedeiro, doze horas após a inoculação. A proporção de conídios secundários, dentro das formas geradas pelos conídios primários germinados sobre o inseto, não ultrapassou 25% em qualquer das regiões do corpo.

16.
Sci. agric. ; 53(1)1996.
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: vti-438983

ABSTRACT

The penetration ability of ARS-1590, ARS-1261 and ARS-1229 isolates of Zoophthora radicans (Brefeld) Batko on fifth-instar Empoasca kraemeri (Hoss & Moore) nymphs, at 20°C and 100% relative humidity (RH), were investigated and compared. The apressorium formation and isolates penetration began within the six hours after inoculation. The penetration occured in greater proportion in the abdome, followed by the thorax and head, more often through membranes than sclerites.


Foram analisados e comparados os processos de germinação e habilidade de infecção dos isolados ARS-1590, ARS-1261 e ARS-1229 de Zoophthora radicans (Brefeld) Batko sobre ninfas do 5º ínstar de Empoasca kraemeri (Hoss & Moore) em ambiente de 20°C e 100% de umidade relativa. A formação de apressório e penetração dos isolados iniciaram-se dentro do período de seis horas após a inoculação. As penetrações dos isolados ocorreram em maior proporção no abdome, seguido do tórax e cabeça do inseto, tendo sido mais frequente nas membranas do corpo do que nos escleritos.

17.
Sci. agric ; 53(1)1996.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1495516

ABSTRACT

The penetration ability of ARS-1590, ARS-1261 and ARS-1229 isolates of Zoophthora radicans (Brefeld) Batko on fifth-instar Empoasca kraemeri (Hoss & Moore) nymphs, at 20°C and 100% relative humidity (RH), were investigated and compared. The apressorium formation and isolates penetration began within the six hours after inoculation. The penetration occured in greater proportion in the abdome, followed by the thorax and head, more often through membranes than sclerites.


Foram analisados e comparados os processos de germinação e habilidade de infecção dos isolados ARS-1590, ARS-1261 e ARS-1229 de Zoophthora radicans (Brefeld) Batko sobre ninfas do 5º ínstar de Empoasca kraemeri (Hoss & Moore) em ambiente de 20°C e 100% de umidade relativa. A formação de apressório e penetração dos isolados iniciaram-se dentro do período de seis horas após a inoculação. As penetrações dos isolados ocorreram em maior proporção no abdome, seguido do tórax e cabeça do inseto, tendo sido mais frequente nas membranas do corpo do que nos escleritos.

18.
Sci. agric ; 53(1)1996.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1495520

ABSTRACT

The germination processes of ARS-1590, ARS-1261 and ARS-1229 isolates of Zoophthora radicans (Brefeld) Batko on fifth-instar Empoasca kraemeri (Ross & Moore, 1957) nymphs, at 20ºC and 100% relative humidity were investigated and compared. The primary conidia on the insect germinated within two hours after inoculation for all isolates. The total production of germ tubes tended to be equal to that of capilliconidium on the host body, 12 hours after inoculation. The secondary conidia proportion, among the forms produced by the primary conidia on the insect, did not exceed 25% in all body regions.


Foram analisados e comparados os processos de germinação dos isolados ARS-1590, ARS-1261 e ARS-1229 de Zoophthora radicans (Brefeld) Batko sobre ninfas do 5º ínstar de Empoasca kraemeri (Ross & Moore, 1957) a 20ºC e 100% de umidade relativa (RH). A germinação dos conídios primários dos isolados sobre o inseto iniciou-se dentro do período de duas horas após a inoculação. A produção total de tubos germinativos tendeu a se igualar a de capiloconídios sobre o corpo do hospedeiro, doze horas após a inoculação. A proporção de conídios secundários, dentro das formas geradas pelos conídios primários germinados sobre o inseto, não ultrapassou 25% em qualquer das regiões do corpo.

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