Remote ischaemic conditioning in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated with percutaneous coronary intervention: an updated meta-analysis of clinical outcomes.

BACKGROUND: All previous meta-analyses including clinical outcomes after remote ischaemic conditioning (RIC) in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) demonstrated that RIC significantly reduced all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Following the publication of these meta-analyses, three new randomised controlled clinical trials (RCT) including 5712 patients were reported. The objective of this study was to perform an updated meta-analysis about the effectiveness of RIC in reducing MACE in patients with STEMI undergoing PCI. METHODS: The search strategy included only RCT identified in MEDLINE, Embase, SCOPUS, and Cochrane (up to February 2020). Eligible studies included any type of RIC. The study adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. The studies quality was evaluated with Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and Jadad score. RESULTS: Twelve RCT were included in the analysis (Q = 18.8, p = 0.065, I2 = 41.5%, 95%CI 0.0-70.3). Globally, 8239 STEMI patients with 816 MACE were reported with follow-ups between 1 and 45 months. Random effects model showed no significant effect of RIC on composite clinical endpoints (OR = 0.77, 95%CI 0.59-1.01, p = 0.105). Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that only the exclusion of CONDI-2/ERIC PPCI trial modified the significance of the global effect (OR 0.66, 95%CI 0.47-0.93), favouring RIC intervention. CONCLUSIONS: The current updated meta-analysis showed that use of RIC around the time of PCI for STEMI treatment added no significant benefit for clinical outcomes assessed between 6 and 45 months after the procedure. These conclusions are in direct contrast to previously published meta-analyses.

Metaanálisis sobre los resultados a 30 días del implante valvular aórtico transcatéter en pacientes con riesgo intermedio en Argentina / Single-arm Meta-analysis of Argentine Studies Reporting 30-Day Mortality After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Intermediate Risk Patients

RESUMEN Introducción: El implante valvular aórtico transcatéter (TAVI) ha mostrado ser beneficioso en los pacientes con riesgo intermedio; sin embargo,no existe ningún análisis del conjunto de los resultados del TAVI en nuestro país. Objetivos: Realizar un metaanálisis de estudios locales de grupo único sobre los resultados hospitalarios del TAVI en pacientes de riesgo intermedio en Argentina. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática utilizando estudios observacionales de TAVI identificados en MEDLINE, Embase, SCOPUS y Cochrane hasta agosto de 2019. Resultados: De los 59 estudios identificados a través de la citada búsqueda, solamente 4 estudios observacionales locales comunicaban la mortalidad a 30 días y las complicaciones posteriores al TAVI en pacientes de riesgo moderado, según el puntaje de la STS (Society of Thoracic Surgeons) -entre 4 y 7%-. En 494 pacientes, la mortalidad a 30 días fue del 4,8%. Las estimaciones ponderadas del conjunto de estudios arrojaron estos valores: accidente vascular cerebral, 2,7%; infarto de miocardio,1,0%; necesidad de marcapasos definitivo, 24,8%; fuga paravalvular moderada o grave, 16,7%; y sangrado mayor, 5,5%. Conclusiones: La eficacia demostrada del TAVI está generando una expansión de su indicación a pacientes con riesgo intermedio y bajo; sin embargo, este avance debería estar apoyado por evidencia local de su beneficio por sobre la cirugía valvular tradicional. Este metaanálisis de estudios de grupo único realizados en el país presenta la mortalidad a 30 días y las complicaciones posteriores al TAVI en pacientes de riesgo intermedio. La información actualizada de los resultados locales del TAVI servirá como un estándar en nuestro medio.

ABSTRACT Background: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has been shown to be beneficial in patients with intermediate risk; however, there is no overall analysis reporting TAVI results in our country. Objectives: To conduct a single-arm meta-analysis of local studies reporting 30-day outcomes after TAVI in intermediate risk patients in Argentina. Methods: A systematic review on TAVI was performed using controlled trials and observational studies identified in MEDLINE, Embase, SCOPUS and Cochrane to August 2019. Results: Among 59 articles identified through the database search, only 4 local observational studies reported 30-day mortality and complications after TAVI in moderate-risk patients according to the STS (Society of Thoracic Surgeons) score ranging between 4 and 7%. In 494 patients, 30-day mortality was 4.8%. Weighted pooled estimates of the studies were: stroke 2.7%, myocardial infarction 1.0%, need for a definitive pacemaker 24.8%, moderate or severe periprosthetic leakage 16.7%, and major bleeding 5.5%. Conclusions: The proven efficacy of TAVI is generating an expansion of its indication to patients with intermediate and low risk, However, this shift should be supported by local evidence of its benefit over traditional valve surgery. This single-arm meta-analysis of Argentine studies presents 30-day mortality and complications after TAVI in intermediate risk patients. The updated information of the local TAVI outcomes will serve as a standard in our settings.