Effect Of The Flavonoid 6-Aminoflavone In Aspirin Induced Gastric Ulcer In Sprague-Dawely Rats: A Histomorphological Study.

Background: The analgesic drugs are the main cause of gastric ulcer. The objective of this study was to determine the gastroprotective ability of flavonoid, 6-aminoflavone in a rat pyloric ligation model of aspirin associated gastro-ulcerogenesis. Methods: A laboratory based experimental study was conducted in the animal house and research laboratory at Khyber Medical College, Peshawar from July to November 2019. A total of 42 adult male Spargue-Dawely rats were divided into seven groups. Flavonoid, 6-aminoflavone was administered orally in doses of 10, 25 and 100 mg/kg with misoprostol, as standard at 50 µg/kg orally for 4 days. On the last day aspirin was given orally at 200 mg/kg and the pyloric ligation surgery was performed. After 4 hours all animals were killed by cervical dislocation. The gastric tissues were collected for histomorphological study. The obtained data were expressed as mean±SEM. Analysis was carried out by using ANOVA. p value ˂0.05 was considered significant. Results: The animals treated with the different doses of 6-aminoflavone showed a marked protective effect in the histological observations. The 10 mg/kg dose had a mild protective effect as occasional ulcerative changes were observed. However, doses of 25 and 100 mg/kg significantly caused the reduction in the ulcer score. These effects produced were equipotent to the gastroprotective effectiveness inherent in the misoprostol. . Conclusion: These findings conclude that 6-aminoflavone as like other flavonoids has a significant gastroprotective propensity with significant effect produced at doses of 25 and 100 mg/kg and can be used as a part of therapy management for the treatment of gastrointestinal disease particularly ulcerative condition.

Antioxidant Effect Of Vitamin E On Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Tubulointerstitial And Glomerular Damage In The Kidneys Of Albino Mice.

BACKGROUND: Chemical induced nephrotoxicity is one of the main causes of acute kidney injury. The objective of this study was to determine the antioxidant effect of vitamin E against carbon tetrachloride induced tubulointerstitial and glomerular damage in the kidney of albino mice. METHODS: The study had been conducted on albino mice. The duration of study was for five weeks. A total of 35 animals were randomly divided into five groups A, B, C, D and E .The group A served as control group, group B was administered only with carbon tetrachloride (no vitamin E) and groups C, D and E received test drug (vitamin E) in doses of 1, 10 and 50mg/kg body weight respectively along with CCl4. The animals were dissected and kidneys were excised for microscopic study for possible histo-morphological effects. RESULTS: It was observed that carbon tetrachloride treated experimental groups developed tubulo-interstitial and glomerular changes as compared to control group A. The results suggested that these changes were significantly reduced in vitamin E treated groups especially in dose of 50 mg/kg body weight. CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals that tubulointerstitial and glomerular damage caused by carbon tetrachloride can be reduced by vitamin E in dose of 50 mg/kg body weight.

Lumbosacral Transitional Vertebrae In Patients Visiting Tertiary Care Hospital Of Khyber Pakhtukhwa: A Radiological Study.

BACKGROUND: Lumbosacral transitional vertebra is a common anatomical variant of the spine that possibly is related to low back pain. The objective is to determine the frequency of Lumbosacral Transitional Vertebrae on lumbosacral radiographs in patients with low back pain visiting Neurosurgery OPD of Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on radiographs of lumbosacral spine in patients visiting for low back pain to the Neurosurgery OPD of Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar. A total of 300 anteroposterior (AP) and lateral lumbosacral plain radiographs were studied for the variation in lumbosacral spinal segment. The transition was classified according to the scheme used by Castellvi. RESULTS: Among a total of 300 patients, normal anatomy of lumbosacral segments was observed in 215 patients (72%). About 85 cases (28%) showed Lumbosacral Transitional Vertebrae. The relationship of vertebral variation with age and gender was not observed. With regard to morphology, 29 (34.1%) patients had Castellvi type I, 26 cases (30.5%) were observed with Castellvi type II and 12 patients (14.1%) had type III while 18 cases (21.2%) had type IV transitional morphology. CONCLUSIONS: Lumbosacral Transitional Vertebrae are commonly found in patient with low back pain. Identification of Lumbosacral Transitional Vertebrae is clinically important to prevent an intervention at an incorrect vertebral level.